Diabetes (Slide Deck 1) Flashcards
What is the function of Beta Cells?
Produce insulin and amylin
Insulin released in response to elevated blood glucose levels
What is the function of Alpha Cells in the pancreas?
Produce glucagon
Glucagon released in response to low blood glucose levels
What is the normal range of blood glucose levels?
4-7 mM
If I eat a meal __ is released Glycogenesis __ and Gluconeogenesis __
- Insulin
- Increase
- Decrease
If blood glucose decreases throughout the night Glycogenolysis __ and Gluconeogenesis __
Increases
Increases
What is glycogenolysis?
Its the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate and eventually into glucose
What is gluconeogenesis?
It is the generation of glucose from various sources (G1P)
What is gluconeogenesis?
It is the generation of glucose from various sources (G1P)
What are the other important regulatory hormones for glucose/insulin control?
Epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol
What does the presence of insulin stimulate the production of in skeletal muscle?
Proteins from AA
What is the process of glycogenesis?
Glucose to glycogen
What is the process of Glycogenolysis
Liver glycogen is split back into glucose
In starvation or insulin deficiency what process does this lead to?
Lipolysis
What is Lipolysis
- TG’s split back to glycerol and FAs ->Metabolism of FFA’s -> β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetic acid, and acetone (ketone bodies)
- These ketone bodies can be used as an energy source
Insulin is a __ storing hormone. How?
Fat
It stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycerol phosphate
& free fatty acids (FFA’s) and is stored as TG’s in fat cells