Diabetes Presentation Flashcards
What are the main symptoms of diabetes?
- Thirst
- Polyuria/Nocturia
- Weight loss
- Tiredness
- Blurred vision
- Abdominal pain
- Frequent low grade infections e.g. thrush
- Slow wound healing
Explaint he symptoms of diabetes?
Polyuria and thirst - Body clearing a lot of glucose through the kidneys
Weight loss - Can’t Take up and use glucose or amino acids
Tiredness - Can’t get energy from glucose
Blurred vision - GLucose build up in eye
Infections - High glucose in blood and urine allows bacteria/fungi to grow
Slow wound healing - high glucose in blood enables microorganisms to grow and slow healing
Whats differnet about Type 1 and type 2 presentation?
Timing:
- Type 1 is generally in kids or adolescents
- Type 2 is usually adult
Type 2 patients are generally overweight
Type 2 is rarely ketotic
How does diabetes present in DKA?
- N&V
- Sweet Ketotic Breath
- Drowsiness
- Kussmauls Respiration (Rapid, deep & sighing)
- Weakness, confusion & coma
- Increased urination
What kind of complications can you see in Diabetes, some patients may present with complications?
Macrovacular e.g. stroke, CAD or PAD
Microvascular e.g. retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy or PAD
Cataracts
DKA
Describe the presentations of MODY:
Maturity Onset Diabetes in the Young
Glucokinase Mutation
- Birth onset
- Stable hyperglycaemia
- Rare complications
Transcription Factor Mutations:
- Adolescent onset
- Progressive hyperglycaemia
- Frequent Complications
What are the signs of Gestational Diabetes?
Beyond the usual symptoms of diabetes it can cause:
- Foetal Macrosomia (big baby)
- Neonatal Resp Distress
- Neonatal Hypoglycaemia
What would you look for in possibly diabetic children?
4Ts!
- Thirsty
- Tired
- Thinner
- Toileting more
Returns to day or bed wetting in a dry child are a red flag of diabetes
How would you assess for diabetes in kids under 5?
Heavier/wetter nappies blurred vision Candidiasis (oral or vulval) Constipation Recurrent skin infections Irritability or behavioural changes
