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IP 3 > Diabetes part 1.5 > Flashcards

Diabetes part 1.5 Flashcards

1
Q

Age of Type 1 vs type 2

A

30 (unless children)

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2
Q

Onset of Type 1 vs type 2

A

Abrupt; Gradual

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3
Q

Body of Type 1 vs type 2

A

Lean; Obese

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4
Q

Insulin resistance type 1

A

Absent

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5
Q

Autoantibodies type 1

A

Often present

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6
Q

Weight loss at diagnosis type 1 vs. type 2

A

Common vs. uncommon

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7
Q

Ketones at diagnosis type 1 or type 2?

A

Type 1 present

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8
Q

Need for insulin therapy type 1 or type 2?

A

Type 1 needed immediate; type 2 years later

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9
Q

Acute complications of type 1

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

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10
Q

acute complications of type 2

A

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

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11
Q

Microvascular complications at diagnosis?

A

Type 2

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12
Q

Macrovascular complications?

A

Type 1 rare; type 2 common

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13
Q

Symptoms of type 1

A

polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss

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14
Q

Symptoms of type 2

A

uncommon; lethargy, polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia

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15
Q

Screening normal adults

A

45 y.o. every 3 yrs.

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16
Q

Screening adults BMI>25 or >23 Asian Americans with risk factors

A

Repeat at least every 3 years

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17
Q

Pediatric >10

A

BMI>85th percentile age and weight
Weight for height>85th percentile
weight>120% of IBW

Repeat every 3 years

18
Q

Risk factors of DM in adult populations

A

BMI>25 (>23 AsianAm)
Physical inactivity
First degree relative with DM
Member of high risk ethnic pop
Women delivered baby >9 lb or diagnosed with GDM
Hypertension BP>140/90
HDL250
Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Acanthosis nigricans
History CVD
a1c>5.7%, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting

19
Q

Risk factors for pediatric

A

Family history of type 2 first/second degree relative
Member of high risk ethnic pop
Signs of insulin resistance (acanthosis nigricans, HTN, dyslipidemia, PCOS, small for gestational age birth weight
Maternal history of DM/ Gestational DM

20
Q

Fasting glucose to diagnose Type 2

A

BG>/= 126 mg/dL

21
Q

Increased risk of DM a1c range

A

5.7-6.4%

22
Q

Goals of therapy

A

Reduce risk of micro/macro complications
Improve symptoms, quality of life, reduce mortality
Hemoglobin a1c <6

23
Q

Lifestyle changes

A

Medical Nutrition therapy (MNT)
Physical activity (150/week mod intensity 30 min x2)
Lose 5%-10% of weight
Bariatric surgery (BMI >35)
Limit alcohol intake 1 drink/day FM and 2/day M
Smoking cessation

24
Q

Biguanides

A

Metformin (Glucophage)

25
Q

Acetohexamide

A

First Gen. Sulfonylureas

26
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

First Gen. Sulfonylureas

27
Q

Glimepiride

A

Second Gen

28
Q

Glyburide

A

Second Gen

29
Q

Tolazamide

A

First Gen

30
Q

Glipizide

A

Second Gen

31
Q

Tolbutamide

A

First Gen

32
Q

mealtime bolus

A

fast onset, shorter duration

33
Q

maintenance basal

A

slower onset, longer duration; provides appropriate levels b/t meals and during sleep
inhibiting gluconeogenesis

34
Q

premixed insulins

A

combine mealtime and maintenance both types of coverage in single product

35
Q

Drug delivery by SC injection

A

Fatty layer between dermis and muscle. Relatively low blood flow - absorbed more slowly than IM

36
Q

Typical volumes of SC

A

2 mL or less

37
Q

Insulin absorption rates vary depending on site

A

Ab>arm>hip>thigh>buttock

38
Q

Insulin pumps awesome

A

Rapid absorption; constantly monitor and correct patients glucose or insulin levels

39
Q

formulation metaformin

A

IR, ER tabs and oral solution. ER use matrix-diffusion mechanism to slow rate of release

40
Q

absorption metaformin

A

absorbed rapidly
oral bio - 50-60%
Take immediately after meal to prevent GI upset

IP 3 (4 decks)

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