Diabetes nutrition Flashcards
What are the goals of medical nutrition therapy in diabetes?
- achieve and maintain: normal BG, normal BP, normal lipids
- prevent or slow chronic DM complications
- individualized meal planning
- patient confidence and self efficacy
Weight loss of _____% of body weight as been shown to improve insulin resistance
5-10%
_____% of calories shoudl come from carbohydrates in diets of diabetics
50-60%
A minimum of 130g of carbohydrates must be consumed every day to avoid ______
ketosis
Describe fiber requirements in the diets of diabetics
25g/ day for women
38g/ day for men
50g/ day has been shown to reduce glycemia
What form of fiber is more effective at reducing blood glucose?
soluble fiber
_______% of calories should come from protein in the diets of diabetics
10-20%
____% of calories should come form fat in the diets of diabetics
30-35%
How can alcohol cause hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetics?
In the fasting state, metabolism of alcohol interferes with GNG and can result in hypoglycemia
What are recommendations regarding alcohol use in diabetics?
1 drink/ day in women
2 drinks/ day in men
same as for non-diabetics
How should type 1 diabetics manage hypoglycemia?
15/15 rule: eat 15g simple glucose, wait 15 minutes, re-check, blood sugar
goal is to avoid rebound hyperglycemia from over-treating hypoglycemia
What factors have been shown to be associated with improved glycemic control in T2DM?
Adherence to meal plan
Consistent snacking behaviors
Appropriate treatment of hypoglycemia
Prompt response to hyperglycemia
Diabetic nephropathy is associated with ____ hypoaldosteronism and severe _______
hyporeninemic
hyperkalemia
need low potassium diet
How can T2DM be prevented?
weight loss
exercise
diet plan
How can T2DM be prevented?
weight loss
exercise - aim for 150 minutes/ week aerobic
diet plan
