Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
1
Q
How are gluconeogenic amino acids used in glucose homeostasis?
A
can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis or converted into protein
2
Q
What is LPL (lipoprotein lipase)?
A
enzyme breaks down triglycerides that would otherwise be unable to leave the circulation
3
Q
What happens after LPLs break down triglycerides?
A
NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) + glycerol can enter cells (e.g. adipocytes) where glycerol can be converted into glucose
4
Q
What is the action of insulin on myocytes?
A
↑ muscle glucose uptake
↑ glycogenesis
↑ protein synthesis
↓ proteolysis
5
Q
What is the action of insulin on adipocytes?
A
↓ lipolysis
↓ ketogenesis
↑ lipogenesis
6
Q
What is the action of insulin on hepatocytes?
A
↓ HGO (Hepatic Glucose Output) ↓ glycogenolysis ↓ gluconeogenesis ↓ lipolysis ↑ glucose uptake ↑ glycogenesis
7
Q
What are the general results in the fasting state?
A
- low insulin to glucagon ratio (glucose + 3.0-5.5mmol/l)
↑ [NEFA]
↓ [amino acid] when prolonged
↑ proteolysis
↑ lipolysis
↑ HGO from glycogen and gluconeogensis
↑ Ketogenesis when prolonged (Brain to use glucose, later ketones)
