diabetes mellitus Flashcards
group of metabolic disease characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
Diabetes Mellitus
Normal glucose level
80-120
2 types iof DM
Type 1 DM
Type 2 DM
Type of DM with no insulin present
Type 1 DM
Cause of Type 1 DM
Autoimmune
Genetic
What type of DM occurs suddenly
Type 1 DM
Type of DM where insulin therapy should be lifetime
Type 1 DM
Type of DM most common in young
Type 1 DM
Type of DM with not enough insulin
Type 2 DM
Type of DM with insulin resistant
Type 1 DM
Cause of type 2 DM
Lifestyle related
Type of DM that appears gradually
Type 2 DM
Management of Type 2 DM
if diet exercise not effective, then give oral meds
Diagnostic Tests for DM
Fasting plasma glucose
Random plasma glucose
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Self monitoring of blood glucose
Glycated hemoglobin (Glycosylated hemoglobin)
Fasting plasma glucose
- fasting should be at least 8 hrs
- +DM if equal/greater than 120mg/dl (7mmol/L)
Random plasma glucose
- casual plasma glucose
- +DM if equal/greater than 200mg/dl (11 mmol/L)
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
- done in pregnant women
- drink 100ml of orange juice then check BS after 2hrs
- +GDM (Gestational diabetes mellitus) if equal/greater than 155 mg/dl
HgbA1C or A1C
it counts the percentage of RBC
containing hemoglobin coated with
sugar which reflects the average
glucose level over a period of 2-3
months
o Below- 5.6
o Pre-DM- 5.6-6.4
o DM- 6.5 above
Any degree of glucose intolerance during pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes
hyperglycemia develops during pregnancy due to what in GDM
due to secretion of placental hormones (causes insulin resistance)
high risk pregnant women should be screened at
24-28 weeks of gestation
GDB needs what
need OGTT or glucose challenge (a 2 hr fasting level after 100 ml glucose)
