Diabetes meds/classes

Question 1

Lispro

Answer 1

rapid acting insulin (human)

MOA: insulin replacement, supplement
onset 5-15 min. lasts 3-5 hours

Question 2

Regular Insulin (Humulin-R)

Answer 2

Short acting insulin

MOA: insulin replacement, supplement onset .5-1 hour
lasts 5-8 hours

Question 3

Neutral Protamine insulin (Humulin-N)

Answer 3

Intermediate Acting Insulin

MOA: insulin replacement, supplement onset 2-4 hours lasts 10-25 hours

Question 4

Glagine (Lantis)

Answer 4

Long acting insulin

MOA: insulin replacement, supplement onset 2-4 hours lasts 20-24 hours

U100 or U300

Question 5

Glipizide (glucotrol)

Answer 5

Solfonylurea

MOA: stimulates b-cells to release insulin.

secretagogues

Question 6

Repaglinide (prandin)

Answer 6

Meglitinide
Non-sulfonylurea secretagogue

MOA: binds to receptor adjacent to sulfonylurea receptor. stimulates insulin release from b-cell

Question 7

Pramlintide (symlin)

Answer 7

Amylin analog-injected

MOA: behaves like amylin: decrease gastic emptying, decrease glucagon secretion, decrease appetite

Question 8

Liraglutide (victoza)

Answer 8

GLP-1 agonist-synethetic analog of GLP-1-injected

MOA: increase insulin release, decrease glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, decrease appetite, increase b-cell growth and replication

Question 9

Sitagliptin (januvia)

Answer 9

DPP-4 inhibitor

MOA: blocks enzyme (DPP-4) that breaks down GLP-1. reduces postprandial glucose levels. increases incretin–>insulin

Question 10

Metformin

Answer 10

Biguanide

MOA: unknown. but

• causes decr hepatic glucose prod.
• decr renal gluconeogenesis
• slows intestinal absorption of glucose
• increase conversion of glucose to lactate.
• stimulates tissue glycolysis
• increase glucose removal from blood (decrease insulin resistance)
• decrease BG

Question 11

Pioglitizone (Actos)

Answer 11

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) or “glitinides”

MOA: decrease insulin resistance by activating PPAR-Y in muscle, liver, fat. most potent insulin sensitizer.
Also affects PPAR-a (inc TG metabolism)

Question 12

Acarbose (precose)

Answer 12

a-glucosidase inhibitor

MOA: inhibits CHO breakdown to absorbable monosaccarides. delays absorption

lowers BG

Question 13

Exenatide (byetta)

Answer 13

incretin mimetic, synthetic analog of GLP-1-injected. receptor agonist

MOA: increase insulin release, decrease glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, decrease appetite

Question 14

Colesevelam (welchol)

Answer 14

bile acid sequestrant

MOA: decreases BG.
normally for hypercholesterolemia.

Question 15

Canaglifloxin (invokana)

Answer 15

SGLT2 inhibitor
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitor

MOA: inhibits glucose resorption in proximal renal tubule

inc in yeast infection

Question 16

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Answer 16

Vasopressin receptor agonist

MOA: Acts as ADH replacement.
For central diabetes insipidus

Question 17

Afrezza

Answer 17

Rapid acting insulin Human rDNA

MOA: inhaled insulin