Diabetes medications

Question 1

Sulfonylureas (4)

Names and dose

Answer 1

Glibenclamide 2.5-10md od
Gliclazide 80-160mg bd
Glimepiride 1-4mg od
Glipizide 2.5-40mg daily, divide dose if >15mg

Question 2

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors ‘gliptins, (5)

Names and dose

Answer 2

Anogliptin 12.5-25mg od
Linagliptin 2.5-5mg od
Saxagliptin 2.5-5mg od
Sitagliptin 50-100mg od
Vildaglipti  50mg bd

Question 3

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors ‘flozins’ (3)

Names and dose

Answer 3

Dapagliflozi. 5-10mg od
Empagliflozin 10-25mg od
Ertugliflozin 5-15mg od

Question 4

Biguanide (1)

Names and dose

Answer 4

Metformin 500mg-2g per day
XR od
IR bd

Question 5

Glucagon like peptide 1 analogues (3)

Names and dose

Answer 5

Exenatide 5-10mcg bd
Liraglutide 0.6-1.8mg od
Dulaglutide 1.5mg once weekly

Question 6

Sulfonyureas

Site and mechanism of action

Answer 6

Pancreas - stimulates prolonged insulin secretion

Question 7

DPP4i

Site and mechanism of action

Answer 7

Inhibit DPP4 = increased concentration of active incretins = pancreas -increased insulin secretion and reduced glucagon production

Question 8

SGLT2i

Site and mechanism of action

Answer 8

Kidneys - reduces reabsorption and increases urinary secretion of glucose

Question 9

Biguanide

Site and mechanism of action

Answer 9

Increases hepatic and peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin

Liver - reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Peripheral tissue - increases utilisation of glucose

Question 10

GLP1 receptor analogues

Site and mechanism of action

Answer 10

Pancreas - increase insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion.
Stomach - delays gastric emptying which slows glucose absorption

Question 11

Thiazolidinedone (1)

Names and dose

Answer 11

Pioglitazone 15-30mg od, 45mg after 6- 8weeks

Question 12

Thiazolidinedone site and mechanism of action

Answer 12

Peripheral tissues - increases sensitivity to insulin

Liver - decreases hepatic glucose output