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Medications/Pharmacology > Diabetes Medications > Flashcards

Diabetes Medications Flashcards

1
Q

How do sulfonylureas work?

A

Sulfonylureas signal the pancreas to

produce more endogenous insulin.

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2
Q

List the 2 classes of diabetes drugs that are most likely to cause hypoglycemia.

A

Insulin and sulfonylureas

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3
Q

How does glimepiride work?

A

It signals the pancreas to produce more endogenous insulin.

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4
Q

How does glipizide work?

A

It signals the pancreas to produce more endogenous insulin.

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5
Q

How does glyburide work?

A

It signals the pancreas to produce more endogenous insulin.

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6
Q

List the 3 most commonly prescribed sulfonylureas

A
  1. Glimepiride
  2. Glipizide
  3. Glyburide
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7
Q

Glimepiride (generic for Amaryl) is a …

A

Sulfonylurea (oral)

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8
Q

Glipizide (generic for Glucotrol) is a …

A

Sulfonylurea (oral)

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9
Q

Glybluride (generic for DiaBeta, Glynase, and Micronase) is a …

A

Sulfonylurea (oral)

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10
Q

Metaglip is a combination of what 2 diabetes medications?

A

Metformin and glipizide

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11
Q

Glucovance is a combination of what 2 diabetes medications?

A

Metformin and glyburide

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12
Q

Avandaryl is a combination of what 2 diabetes medications?

A

Glimepiride and rosiglitazone

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13
Q

Duetact is a combination of what 2 diabetes medications?

A

Glimepiride and pioglitazone

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14
Q

List the 3 types of insulin known as “rapid-acting insulin.”

A
  1. Novolog (aspart)
  2. Humalog (lispro)
  3. Apidra (glulisine)
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15
Q

How long for rapid-acting insulin to start working and how long for it to peak

A

Works within 5-15 minutes, peaks at 30 minutes - 3 hours.

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16
Q

What’s the generic of Novolog?

A

Aspart

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17
Q

What’s the generic of Humalog

A

Lispro

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18
Q

What’s the generic of Apidra

A

Glulisine

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19
Q

What is the start- and peak-time for Novolog (aspart)?

A

Starts lowering blood glucose within 5-15 minutes and peaks at 30 minutes - 3 hours.

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20
Q

What is the start- and peak-time for Humalog (lispro)?

A

Starts lowering blood glucose within 5-15 minutes and peaks at 30 minutes - 3 hours.

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21
Q

What is the start- and peak-time for Apidra (glulisine)?

A

Starts lowering blood glucose within 5-15 minutes and peaks at 30 minutes - 3 hours.

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22
Q

Novolog (aspart) is what kind of insulin?

A

Rapid-acting insulin

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23
Q

Humalog (lispro) is what kind of insulin?

A

Rapid-acting insulin

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24
Q

Apidra (glulisine) is what kind of insulin?

A

Rapid-acting insulin

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25
Q

How do biguanides works?

A

They prevent the liver from making excesss glucose.

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26
Q

How does Glucophage work?

A

It prevents the liver from making excess glucose.

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27
Q

How does metformin work?

A

It prevents the liver from making excess glucose.

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28
Q

How does Glucophage XR work?

A

It prevents the liver from making excess glucose, with extended release.

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29
Q

How does metformin XR work?

A

It prevents the liver from making excess glucose, with extended release.

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30
Q

What side effect with Glucophage (metformin) is common and wise to caution patient beforehand?

A

The potential for GI distress.

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31
Q

Glucophage (metformin) is a …

A

Biguanides (oral)

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32
Q

Metformin is generic for …?

A

Glucophage

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33
Q

How do Thiazolidinediones/”TZDs” work?

A

TZD’s improve insulin sensitivity in muscle cells.

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34
Q

How does Actos work?

A

It improves insulin sensitivity in muscle cells.

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35
Q

How does Avandia work?

A

It improves insulin sensitivity in muscle cells.

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36
Q

Pioglitazone (generic for Actos) is a …

A

Thiazolidinediones/ “TZDs”

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37
Q

Avandia (generic for rosiglitazone) is a …

A

Thiazolidinediones/ “TZDs”

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38
Q

Pioglitazone is generic for …

A

Actos (Thiazolidinediones/ “TZDs”)

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39
Q

Rosiglitazone is generic for …

A

Avandia (Thiazolidinediones/ “TZDs”)

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40
Q

List the most commonly prescribed Thiazolidinediones/ “TZDs”

A

Actos and Avandia

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41
Q

How do DPP-4 Inhibitors work?

A

DPP-4 Inhibitors work by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.

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42
Q

How does Januvia work?

A

Januvia (sitagliptin) is a DPP-4 Inhibitor and works by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.

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43
Q

How does Onglyza work?

A

Onglyza (saxagliptin) is a DPP-4 Inhibitor and works by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.

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44
Q

How does Tradjenta work?

A

Tradjenta (linagliptin) is a DPP-4 Inhibitor and works by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.

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45
Q

How does Nesina work?

A

Nesina (alogliptin) is a DPP-4 Inhibitor and works by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.

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46
Q

List the 4 most commonly prescribed DPP-4 Inhibitors and their generic names.

A
  1. Januvia, Onglyza, Tradjenta, and Nesina.

2. by generic: sitigliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin.

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47
Q

Sitigliptin is generic for …

A

Januvia (DPP-4 Inhibitor)

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48
Q

Saxagliptin is generic for …

A

Onglyza (DPP-4 Inhibitor)

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49
Q

Linagliptin is generic for …

A

Tradjenta (DPP-4 Inhibitor)

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50
Q

Alogliptin is generic for …

A

Nesina (DPP-4 Inhibitor)

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51
Q

Is Januvia an oral medication or an injection?

A

Oral medication.

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52
Q

Is Onglyza an oral medication or an injection?

A

Oral medication.

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53
Q

Is Tradjenta an oral medication or an injection?

A

Oral medication.

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54
Q

Is Nesina an oral medication or an injection?

A

Oral medication.

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55
Q

Are DPP-4 Inhibitors oral medications or injections?

A

Oral medications

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56
Q

How do GLP-1 Analogs work?

A

They are non-insulin injectables that:

  1. Slow gastric emptying;
  2. Inhibit glucagon secretion;
  3. Enhance insulin secretions; and
  4. Expand pancreatic beta cell mass.
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57
Q

How does Byetta (exenatide) work?

A

It is a non-insulin injectable that:

  1. Slows gastric emptying;
  2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
  3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
  4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
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58
Q

How does Victoza (liraglutide) work?

A

It is a non-insulin injectable that:

  1. Slows gastric emptying;
  2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
  3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
  4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
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59
Q

How does Bydureon (exenatide XR) work?

A

It is a non-insulin injectable that:

  1. Slows gastric emptying;
  2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
  3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
  4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
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60
Q

How does Trulicity (dulaglutide) work?

A

It is a non-insulin injectable that:

  1. Slows gastric emptying;
  2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
  3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
  4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
61
Q

How does Tanzeum (albiglutide) work?

A

It is a non-insulin injectable that:

  1. Slows gastric emptying;
  2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
  3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
  4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
62
Q

List the 5 most commonly prescribed GLP-1 Analogs:

A
  1. Byetta (exenatide)
  2. Victoza (liraglutide)
  3. Bydureon (exenatide XR)
  4. Trulicity (dulaglutide)
  5. Tanzeum (albiglutide)
63
Q

Exenatide (generic for Byetta) is a …

A

GLP-1 Analog

64
Q

Liraglutide (generic for Victoza) is a …

A

GLP-1 Analog

65
Q

Exenatide XR (generic for Bydureon) is a …

A

GLP-1 Analog

66
Q

Dulaglutide (generic for Trulicity) is a …

A

GLP-1 Analog

67
Q

Albiglutide (generic for Tanzeum) is a …

A

GLP-1 Analog

68
Q

Exenatide is generic for…

A

Byetta (GLP-1 Analog- a non-insulin injectible)

69
Q

Liraglutide is generic for…

A

Victoza (GLP-1 Analog/ a non-insulin injectible)

70
Q

Exenatide XR is generic for…

A

Bydureon (GLP-1 Analog/ a non-insulin injectible)

71
Q

Dulaglitide is generic for…

A

Trulicity (GLP-1 Analog/ a non-insulin injectible)

72
Q

Albiglutide is generic for…

A

Tanzeum (GLP-1 Analog/ a non-insulin injectible)

73
Q

What are the non-insulin injectibles?

A
  1. Byetta, Victoza, Bydureon, Trulicity, and Tanzeum.

2. By generic: exenatide, liraglutide, exenatide XR, dulaglutide, and albiglutide.

74
Q

What makes Bydureon, Trulicity, and Tanzeum different from the other GLP-1’s?

A

It is a weekly injection, instead of daily injections or BID injections.

75
Q

How do SGLT-2 Inhibitors work?

A

They block the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore excreting glucose in the urine.

76
Q

How does Invokana work?

A

It blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore excreting glucose in the urine.

77
Q

How does Farxiga work?

A

It blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore excreting glucose in the urine.

78
Q

How does Jardiance work?

A

It blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore excreting glucose in the urine.

79
Q

List the 3 most commonly prescribed SGLT-2 Inhibitors

A
  1. Invokana (canagliflozin)
  2. Farxiga (dapagliflozin)
  3. Jardiance (empagliflozin)
80
Q

What is the main risk that SGLT-2 Inhibitors are known for?

A

May increase the risk for diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA).

81
Q

Invokana (canagliflozin) is a…

A

SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)

82
Q

Farxiga (dapagliflozin) is a…

A

SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)

83
Q

Jardiance (empagliflozin) is a…

A

SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)

84
Q

Canagliflozin is generic for…

A

Invokana- SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)

85
Q

Dapagliflozin is generic for

A

Farxiga- SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)

86
Q

Empagliflozin is generic for

A

Jardiance- SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)

87
Q

What is a med that ends in ***gliflozin?

A

SGLT-2 Inhibitor

88
Q

What is a med that ends in ***atide?

A

GLP-1 Analog

89
Q

What is unique about a med that ends in ***gliflozin?

A

Risk for DKA/aka ketoacidosis when on a ketogenic diet.

90
Q

What is unique about a med that ends in **atide or **aglutide?

A

It is a non-insulin injectible

like Byetta, Victoza, Budrueon, Trulicity, and Tanzeum

91
Q

What is a med that ends in ***gliptin?

A

DPP-4 Inhibitor

92
Q

What is a med that ends in ***glitazone?

A

Thiazolidinediones or TZDs.

93
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Kazano?

A

Metformin and alogliptin

94
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Invokamet?

A

Metformin and canagliflozin

95
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Jentadueto?

A

Metformin and linagliptin

96
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Actosplusmet?

A

Metformin and pioglitazone

97
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Prandimet?

A

Metformin and repaglinide

98
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Avandamet?

A

Metformin and rosiglitazone

99
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Kombiglyze?

A

Metformin and saxagliptin

100
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Janumet?

A

Metformin and sitagliptin

101
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Oseni?

A

Alogliptin and pioglitazone

102
Q

What 2 drugs are combined to make Glyxambi?

A

Empagliflozin and linagliptin

103
Q

What are the 4 types of insulin known as short-acting insulin?

A
  1. Novolin-R
  2. Humulin-R
  3. Relion-R
  4. U-500 (R)
104
Q

How long for short-acting insulin to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.

105
Q

What kind of insulin is Novolin, Humulin, Relion, and U-500?

A

Short-acting insulin, aka regular or “R”.

106
Q

What kind of insulin is Novolin?

A

Short-acting insulin, aka regular or “R”.

107
Q

What kind of insulin is Humulin?

A

Short-acting insulin, aka regular or “R”.

108
Q

What kind of insulin is Relion?

A

Short-acting insulin, aka regular or “R”.

109
Q

What kind of insulin is U-500?

A

Short-acting insulin, aka regular or “R,”
*and it contains 5 times as many units of insulin per ml

For example, 1 unit of U-500 = 5 units of regular Novolin-R or Humulin-R insulin.

110
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Novolin-R insulin?

A

This short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.

111
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Humulin-R insulin?

A

This short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.

112
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Relion-R insulin?

A

This short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.

113
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of U-500 insulin?

A

This short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.

114
Q

What are the 4 types of intermediate-acting insulin?

A
  1. Novolin-N (NPH/N)
  2. Humulin-N (NPH/N)
  3. Relion-N (NPH/N)
  4. Isophane (NPH/N)
115
Q

How long for intermediate-acting insulin to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

116
Q

How long for NPH insulin to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

117
Q

How long for Novolin-N to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

118
Q

How long for Humulin-N to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

119
Q

How long for Relion-N to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

120
Q

How long for Isophane to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

121
Q

What kind of insulin is Novolin-N, Humulin-N, Relion-N, and Isophone?

A

It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.

122
Q

What kind of insulin is Novolin-N?

A

It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.

123
Q

What kind of insulin is Humulin-N?

A

It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.

124
Q

What kind of insulin is Relion-N?

A

It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.

125
Q

What kind of insulin is Isophane?

A

It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.

126
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Novolin-N insulin?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

127
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Humulin-N insulin?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

128
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Relion-Ninsulin?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

129
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Isophane insulin?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.

130
Q

Are are the types of long-acting insulin that are commonly prescribed

A
  1. Lantus (U-100)
  2. Levemir (U-100)
  3. Basaglar (U-100)
  4. Tresiba (U-200)
  5. Toujeo (U-300)
131
Q

What is the generic of Lantus?

A

Glargine

132
Q

What is the generic of Levemir

A

Detemir

133
Q

What is the generic of Tresiba?

A

Degludec

134
Q

What is the generic of Toujeo?

A

Glargine

135
Q

How long for long-acting insulin to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Long-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

136
Q

How long for Lantus (glargine) to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Lantus insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

137
Q

How long for Levemir (detemir) to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Levemir insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

138
Q

How long for Tresiba (degludec-200u/ml) to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Tresiba insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

139
Q

How long for Toujeo (glargine- 200u/ml) to start working and how long for it to peak?

A

Toujeo insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

140
Q

What kind of insulin is Lantus

A

Lantus is long-acting insulin.

141
Q

What kind of insulin is Levemir

A

Levemir is long-acting insuling.

142
Q

What kind of insulin is Tresiba?

A

Tresiba is long-acting insulin that is 200 u/ml.

143
Q

What kind of insulin is Toujeo?

A

Toujeo is long-acting insulin that is 300 u/ml.

144
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Lantus?

A

Lantus starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

145
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Levemir?

A

Levemir starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

146
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Basaglar?

A

Basaglar starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

147
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Tresiba?

A

Tresiba starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

148
Q

What is the start- and peak-time of Toujeo?

A

Toujeo starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.

Medications/Pharmacology (1 decks)

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