Diabetes Medications Flashcards
1
Q
How do sulfonylureas work?
A
Sulfonylureas signal the pancreas to
produce more endogenous insulin.
2
Q
List the 2 classes of diabetes drugs that are most likely to cause hypoglycemia.
A
Insulin and sulfonylureas
3
Q
How does glimepiride work?
A
It signals the pancreas to produce more endogenous insulin.
4
Q
How does glipizide work?
A
It signals the pancreas to produce more endogenous insulin.
5
Q
How does glyburide work?
A
It signals the pancreas to produce more endogenous insulin.
6
Q
List the 3 most commonly prescribed sulfonylureas
A
- Glimepiride
- Glipizide
- Glyburide
7
Q
Glimepiride (generic for Amaryl) is a …
A
Sulfonylurea (oral)
8
Q
Glipizide (generic for Glucotrol) is a …
A
Sulfonylurea (oral)
9
Q
Glybluride (generic for DiaBeta, Glynase, and Micronase) is a …
A
Sulfonylurea (oral)
10
Q
Metaglip is a combination of what 2 diabetes medications?
A
Metformin and glipizide
11
Q
Glucovance is a combination of what 2 diabetes medications?
A
Metformin and glyburide
12
Q
Avandaryl is a combination of what 2 diabetes medications?
A
Glimepiride and rosiglitazone
13
Q
Duetact is a combination of what 2 diabetes medications?
A
Glimepiride and pioglitazone
14
Q
List the 3 types of insulin known as “rapid-acting insulin.”
A
- Novolog (aspart)
- Humalog (lispro)
- Apidra (glulisine)
15
Q
How long for rapid-acting insulin to start working and how long for it to peak
A
Works within 5-15 minutes, peaks at 30 minutes - 3 hours.
16
Q
What’s the generic of Novolog?
A
Aspart
17
Q
What’s the generic of Humalog
A
Lispro
18
Q
What’s the generic of Apidra
A
Glulisine
19
Q
What is the start- and peak-time for Novolog (aspart)?
A
Starts lowering blood glucose within 5-15 minutes and peaks at 30 minutes - 3 hours.
20
Q
What is the start- and peak-time for Humalog (lispro)?
A
Starts lowering blood glucose within 5-15 minutes and peaks at 30 minutes - 3 hours.
21
Q
What is the start- and peak-time for Apidra (glulisine)?
A
Starts lowering blood glucose within 5-15 minutes and peaks at 30 minutes - 3 hours.
22
Q
Novolog (aspart) is what kind of insulin?
A
Rapid-acting insulin
23
Q
Humalog (lispro) is what kind of insulin?
A
Rapid-acting insulin
24
Q
Apidra (glulisine) is what kind of insulin?
A
Rapid-acting insulin
25
How do biguanides works?
They prevent the liver from making excesss glucose.
26
How does Glucophage work?
It prevents the liver from making excess glucose.
27
How does metformin work?
It prevents the liver from making excess glucose.
28
How does Glucophage XR work?
It prevents the liver from making excess glucose, with extended release.
29
How does metformin XR work?
It prevents the liver from making excess glucose, with extended release.
30
What side effect with Glucophage (metformin) is common and wise to caution patient beforehand?
The potential for GI distress.
31
Glucophage (metformin) is a ...
Biguanides (oral)
32
Metformin is generic for ...?
Glucophage
33
How do Thiazolidinediones/"TZDs" work?
TZD's improve insulin sensitivity in muscle cells.
34
How does Actos work?
It improves insulin sensitivity in muscle cells.
35
How does Avandia work?
It improves insulin sensitivity in muscle cells.
36
Pioglitazone (generic for Actos) is a ...
Thiazolidinediones/ "TZDs"
37
Avandia (generic for rosiglitazone) is a ...
Thiazolidinediones/ "TZDs"
38
Pioglitazone is generic for ...
Actos (Thiazolidinediones/ "TZDs")
39
Rosiglitazone is generic for ...
Avandia (Thiazolidinediones/ "TZDs")
40
List the most commonly prescribed Thiazolidinediones/ "TZDs"
Actos and Avandia
41
How do DPP-4 Inhibitors work?
DPP-4 Inhibitors work by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.
42
How does Januvia work?
Januvia (sitagliptin) is a DPP-4 Inhibitor and works by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.
43
How does Onglyza work?
Onglyza (saxagliptin) is a DPP-4 Inhibitor and works by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.
44
How does Tradjenta work?
Tradjenta (linagliptin) is a DPP-4 Inhibitor and works by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.
45
How does Nesina work?
Nesina (alogliptin) is a DPP-4 Inhibitor and works by extending the life of GLP-1 hormone by inhibiting its breakdown in the gut.
46
List the 4 most commonly prescribed DPP-4 Inhibitors and their generic names.
1. Januvia, Onglyza, Tradjenta, and Nesina.
| 2. by generic: sitigliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin.
47
Sitigliptin is generic for ...
Januvia (DPP-4 Inhibitor)
48
Saxagliptin is generic for ...
Onglyza (DPP-4 Inhibitor)
49
Linagliptin is generic for ...
Tradjenta (DPP-4 Inhibitor)
50
Alogliptin is generic for ...
Nesina (DPP-4 Inhibitor)
51
Is Januvia an oral medication or an injection?
Oral medication.
52
Is Onglyza an oral medication or an injection?
Oral medication.
53
Is Tradjenta an oral medication or an injection?
Oral medication.
54
Is Nesina an oral medication or an injection?
Oral medication.
55
Are DPP-4 Inhibitors oral medications or injections?
Oral medications
56
How do GLP-1 Analogs work?
They are non-insulin injectables that:
1. Slow gastric emptying;
2. Inhibit glucagon secretion;
3. Enhance insulin secretions; and
4. Expand pancreatic beta cell mass.
57
How does Byetta (exenatide) work?
It is a non-insulin injectable that:
1. Slows gastric emptying;
2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
58
How does Victoza (liraglutide) work?
It is a non-insulin injectable that:
1. Slows gastric emptying;
2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
59
How does Bydureon (exenatide XR) work?
It is a non-insulin injectable that:
1. Slows gastric emptying;
2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
60
How does Trulicity (dulaglutide) work?
It is a non-insulin injectable that:
1. Slows gastric emptying;
2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
61
How does Tanzeum (albiglutide) work?
It is a non-insulin injectable that:
1. Slows gastric emptying;
2. Inhibits glucagon secretion;
3. Enhances insulin secretions; and
4. Expands pancreatic beta cell mass.
62
List the 5 most commonly prescribed GLP-1 Analogs:
1. Byetta (exenatide)
2. Victoza (liraglutide)
3. Bydureon (exenatide XR)
4. Trulicity (dulaglutide)
5. Tanzeum (albiglutide)
63
Exenatide (generic for Byetta) is a ...
GLP-1 Analog
64
Liraglutide (generic for Victoza) is a ...
GLP-1 Analog
65
Exenatide XR (generic for Bydureon) is a ...
GLP-1 Analog
66
Dulaglutide (generic for Trulicity) is a ...
GLP-1 Analog
67
Albiglutide (generic for Tanzeum) is a ...
GLP-1 Analog
68
Exenatide is generic for...
Byetta (GLP-1 Analog- a non-insulin injectible)
69
Liraglutide is generic for...
Victoza (GLP-1 Analog/ a non-insulin injectible)
70
Exenatide XR is generic for...
Bydureon (GLP-1 Analog/ a non-insulin injectible)
71
Dulaglitide is generic for...
Trulicity (GLP-1 Analog/ a non-insulin injectible)
72
Albiglutide is generic for...
Tanzeum (GLP-1 Analog/ a non-insulin injectible)
73
What are the non-insulin injectibles?
1. Byetta, Victoza, Bydureon, Trulicity, and Tanzeum.
| 2. By generic: exenatide, liraglutide, exenatide XR, dulaglutide, and albiglutide.
74
What makes Bydureon, Trulicity, and Tanzeum different from the other GLP-1's?
It is a weekly injection, instead of daily injections or BID injections.
75
How do SGLT-2 Inhibitors work?
They block the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore excreting glucose in the urine.
76
How does Invokana work?
It blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore excreting glucose in the urine.
77
How does Farxiga work?
It blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore excreting glucose in the urine.
78
How does Jardiance work?
It blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore excreting glucose in the urine.
79
List the 3 most commonly prescribed SGLT-2 Inhibitors
1. Invokana (canagliflozin)
2. Farxiga (dapagliflozin)
3. Jardiance (empagliflozin)
80
What is the main risk that SGLT-2 Inhibitors are known for?
May increase the risk for diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA).
81
Invokana (canagliflozin) is a...
SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)
82
Farxiga (dapagliflozin) is a...
SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)
83
Jardiance (empagliflozin) is a...
SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)
84
Canagliflozin is generic for...
Invokana- SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)
85
Dapagliflozin is generic for
Farxiga- SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)
86
Empagliflozin is generic for
Jardiance- SGLT-2 Inhibitor (oral)
87
What is a med that ends in ***gliflozin?
SGLT-2 Inhibitor
88
What is a med that ends in ***atide?
GLP-1 Analog
89
What is unique about a med that ends in ***gliflozin?
Risk for DKA/aka ketoacidosis when on a ketogenic diet.
90
What is unique about a med that ends in ***atide or ***aglutide?
It is a non-insulin injectible
| like Byetta, Victoza, Budrueon, Trulicity, and Tanzeum
91
What is a med that ends in ***gliptin?
DPP-4 Inhibitor
92
What is a med that ends in ***glitazone?
Thiazolidinediones or TZDs.
93
What 2 drugs are combined to make Kazano?
Metformin and alogliptin
94
What 2 drugs are combined to make Invokamet?
Metformin and canagliflozin
95
What 2 drugs are combined to make Jentadueto?
Metformin and linagliptin
96
What 2 drugs are combined to make Actosplusmet?
Metformin and pioglitazone
97
What 2 drugs are combined to make Prandimet?
Metformin and repaglinide
98
What 2 drugs are combined to make Avandamet?
Metformin and rosiglitazone
99
What 2 drugs are combined to make Kombiglyze?
Metformin and saxagliptin
100
What 2 drugs are combined to make Janumet?
Metformin and sitagliptin
101
What 2 drugs are combined to make Oseni?
Alogliptin and pioglitazone
102
What 2 drugs are combined to make Glyxambi?
Empagliflozin and linagliptin
103
What are the 4 types of insulin known as short-acting insulin?
1. Novolin-R
2. Humulin-R
3. Relion-R
4. U-500 (R)
104
How long for short-acting insulin to start working and how long for it to peak?
Short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.
105
What kind of insulin is Novolin, Humulin, Relion, and U-500?
Short-acting insulin, aka regular or "R".
106
What kind of insulin is Novolin?
Short-acting insulin, aka regular or "R".
107
What kind of insulin is Humulin?
Short-acting insulin, aka regular or "R".
108
What kind of insulin is Relion?
Short-acting insulin, aka regular or "R".
109
What kind of insulin is U-500?
Short-acting insulin, aka regular or "R,"
*and it contains 5 times as many units of insulin per ml
For example, 1 unit of U-500 = 5 units of regular Novolin-R or Humulin-R insulin.
110
What is the start- and peak-time of Novolin-R insulin?
This short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.
111
What is the start- and peak-time of Humulin-R insulin?
This short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.
112
What is the start- and peak-time of Relion-R insulin?
This short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.
113
What is the start- and peak-time of U-500 insulin?
This short-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-5 hours.
114
What are the 4 types of intermediate-acting insulin?
1. Novolin-N (NPH/N)
2. Humulin-N (NPH/N)
3. Relion-N (NPH/N)
4. Isophane (NPH/N)
115
How long for intermediate-acting insulin to start working and how long for it to peak?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
116
How long for NPH insulin to start working and how long for it to peak?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
117
How long for Novolin-N to start working and how long for it to peak?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
118
How long for Humulin-N to start working and how long for it to peak?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
119
How long for Relion-N to start working and how long for it to peak?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
120
How long for Isophane to start working and how long for it to peak?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
121
What kind of insulin is Novolin-N, Humulin-N, Relion-N, and Isophone?
It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.
122
What kind of insulin is Novolin-N?
It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.
123
What kind of insulin is Humulin-N?
It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.
124
What kind of insulin is Relion-N?
It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.
125
What kind of insulin is Isophane?
It is known as NPH/N, aka intermediate-acting insulin.
126
What is the start- and peak-time of Novolin-N insulin?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
127
What is the start- and peak-time of Humulin-N insulin?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
128
What is the start- and peak-time of Relion-Ninsulin?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
129
What is the start- and peak-time of Isophane insulin?
Intermediate-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose in 1.5-4 hours and peaks at 4-12 hours.
130
Are are the types of long-acting insulin that are commonly prescribed
1. Lantus (U-100)
2. Levemir (U-100)
3. Basaglar (U-100)
4. Tresiba (U-200)
5. Toujeo (U-300)
131
What is the generic of Lantus?
Glargine
132
What is the generic of Levemir
Detemir
133
What is the generic of Tresiba?
Degludec
134
What is the generic of Toujeo?
Glargine
135
How long for long-acting insulin to start working and how long for it to peak?
Long-acting insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
136
How long for Lantus (glargine) to start working and how long for it to peak?
Lantus insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
137
How long for Levemir (detemir) to start working and how long for it to peak?
Levemir insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
138
How long for Tresiba (degludec-200u/ml) to start working and how long for it to peak?
Tresiba insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
139
How long for Toujeo (glargine- 200u/ml) to start working and how long for it to peak?
Toujeo insulin starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
140
What kind of insulin is Lantus
Lantus is long-acting insulin.
141
What kind of insulin is Levemir
Levemir is long-acting insuling.
142
What kind of insulin is Tresiba?
Tresiba is long-acting insulin that is 200 u/ml.
143
What kind of insulin is Toujeo?
Toujeo is long-acting insulin that is 300 u/ml.
144
What is the start- and peak-time of Lantus?
Lantus starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
145
What is the start- and peak-time of Levemir?
Levemir starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
146
What is the start- and peak-time of Basaglar?
Basaglar starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
147
What is the start- and peak-time of Tresiba?
Tresiba starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
148
What is the start- and peak-time of Toujeo?
Toujeo starts lowering blood glucose between 1-4 hours, and lasts 15-24 with a minimal peak.
