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Sys Pharmaco Endocrine > Diabetes Medications > Flashcards

Diabetes Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Insulin drugs?

A
  • Slow acting: Lispro, Apart, Glulisine
  • Intermediate: NPH, Detemir
  • Long acting: Glargine
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2
Q

Insulin drugs mechanism of actions?

A
  • Replace insufficient insulin

* Usually one long lasting taken to maintain basal blood glucose and one short acting to manage post prandial rush

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3
Q

Insulin Drugs side effects and contraindications?

A
  • Lipodystrophy
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Allergic reaction
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4
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics types?

A
  1. Sulphonylurea
  2. Meglitinides
  3. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors
  4. Biguanides
  5. Thiazolidiones
  6. Insulin Release Sparers
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5
Q

Sulphonylurea drugs?

A
  • Insulin Secretagogue

* Glibenclamide

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6
Q

Sulphonylurea mechanism of action?

A

• Act on Na+/K+ ATPase leading to depolarization of the cell membrane causing influx of Ca2+ and triggering insulin release by exocytosis

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7
Q

Sulphonylurea side effects and contraindications?

A
  • Allergic reaction
  • Hypoglycaemia (esp. glibenclamide which has longest duration of action)
  • GIT disturbances
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8
Q

Meglitinides drugs?

A

Repalinide

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9
Q

Meglitinides mechanism of action?

A

Same as sulphonylurea but act on different receptor

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10
Q

Meglitinides side effects and contraindications?

A

Less risk of hypoglycaemia (one dose one meal)

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11
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors drugs?

A

Sitagliptin

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12
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors mechanism of action?

A

Increase degradation of incretins such as GIP & GLP leading to increased insulin secretion but decreased glucagon secretion

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13
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors side effects and contraindications?

A
  • URTI

* Headache

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14
Q

Biguanides drugs?

A

Metformin

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15
Q

Biguanides mechanism of action?

A

Increases expression of insulin receptors and increases receptor density on the cell

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16
Q

Biguanides side effects and contraindications?

A
  • GIT Disturbances
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Metallic taste
17
Q

Thiazolidiones drugs?

A

Rosaglitazone

18
Q

Thiazolidiones mechanism of action?

A

Reduces insulin resistance by increasing expression

of insulin responsive genes

19
Q

Thiazolidiones side effects and contraindications?

A
  • Hepatotoxicity

* Fluid retention causing fall in haematocrit

20
Q

Insulin Release Sparers drugs?

A
  • Acarbose

* Take with meal

21
Q

Insulin Release Sparers mechanism of action?

A

Inhibits breakdown of polysaccharide to slow glucose release and post prandial glucose spike

22
Q

Insulin Release Sparers side effects and contraindications?

A
  • Digestion by intestinal bacteria leading to flatus and bloating
  • Increased GIT disturbance esp with metformin

Sys Pharmaco Endocrine (2 decks)

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