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Family Medicine > Diabetes Medications > Flashcards

Diabetes Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Name the sulfonylureas

A

1) Glipizide
2) glyburide
3) glimepride
4) tolazamide
5) tolbutamide

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2
Q

Name the biguaindes

A

Metformin

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3
Q

Name the meglitinides

A

1) repaglinide

2) nateglinide

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4
Q

Name the thiazolidinediones

A

1) rosiglitazone

2) pioglitazone

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5
Q

Name the a-glucosidase inhibitors

A

1) miglitol

2) acarbose

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6
Q

Name the amylin replacement

A

1) pramlintide

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7
Q

Name the GLP-1 agents

A

1) exenatide

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8
Q

Name the DPP-4 inhibitors

A

1) sitagliptin

2) vildagliptin

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9
Q

What is the biggest adverse effect of the sulfonylureas?

A

hypoglycemia

weight gain

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10
Q

Which DM 2 medications are often first line?

A

sulfonylreas

metformin

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11
Q

What are the major side effects of metformin?

A 
GI upset
lactic acidosis
CHF
respiratory disease
liver disease
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12
Q

Which DM 2 drugs cause weight loss?

A

metformin

GLP-1 agents (exenatide)

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13
Q

Major side effects of meglitinides?

A

hypoglycemia

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14
Q

Major side effects of thiazolidinedions?

A

fluid retention
liver disease
increase risk of CV death (rosiglitazone)

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15
Q

Which DM 2 is the last choice of oral agent?

A

thiazolidinediones

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16
Q

Major side effects of a-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

gas
bloating
diarrhea

17
Q

Major side effects of amylin replacement?

A

nausea

18
Q

major side effects of GLP-1 agents

A

nausea
vomiting
diarrhea

19
Q

major side effects of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

GI upset

20
Q

Which DM 2 medications are SQ?

A

amylin replacement

GLP-1 agents

21
Q

What insulins are ultra-short-acting?

A

1) lispro
2) insulin
3) aspart
4) gluisine

22
Q

What is the onset, peak and duration of ultra-short-acting insulin?

A

onset: 5-15 min
peak: 1-1.5 hours
duration: 3-4

23
Q

What is the short-acting insulin?

A

regular

24
Q

What is the onset, peak and duration of short-acting insulin?

A

onset: 15-30 min
peak: 1-3 hours
duration: 5-7 hours

25
Q

What are the intermediate-acting insulins?

A

1) lente

2) NPH

26
Q

What is the onset, peak and duration of intermediate-acting insulin?

A

onset: 2-4 hours
peak: 8-10 hours
duration: 18-24 hours

27
Q

What are the long-acting insulins?

A

1) ultralente
2) glargine
3) detemir

28
Q

What is the onset, peak and duration of long-acting insulins?

A

onset: 4-5 hours
peak: 8-14 hours
duration: 25-36 hours

29
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonylurea’s?

A

1) bind to ATP dependent K+ channels on pancreatic beta cell membrans
2) inhibits hyperpolarizing efflux of K+
3) causes membrane potential to be more +
4) this depolarization opens voltage gated Ca2+ channels
5) intracellular Ca2+ leads to increased fusion of insulin to the cell membrane
6) increased secretion of insulin

30
Q

What is the MOA of metformin?

A

decreases hyperglycemia by suppressing glucose production by the liver

31
Q

What is the MOA of meglitinide?

A

they bind to ATP-dependent K+ channels of pancreatic beta cells much like sulfonylureas but have a weaker binding affinity and faster dissociation

32
Q

What is the MOA of thiazolidinedions?

A

activate PPARs (a group of nuclear receptors) with greatest specificity for PPAR gamma. When activated they bind to DNA and increase transcription of certain genes

33
Q

What genes are up-regulated with thiazolidinedions?

A

1) insulin resistance decreased
2) adipocyte differentiation is modified
3) VEGF-induced angiogenesis is inhibited
4) leptin levels decrease

34
Q

What is the MOA of a-glucosidase inhibitor?

A

they are saccharides that act as competitive inhibitors of enzymes needed to digest carbohydrates

35
Q

What is the MOA of amylin?

A

plays a role in glycemic regulation by slowing gastric emptying and promoting satiety so therefore prevents post-prandial spikes in blood glucose levels

36
Q

What is the MOA of GLP-1 agents?

A

1) causes pancreases to secrete more insulin
2) suppresses pancreatic release of glucagon
3) slows down gastric emptying
4) reduces appetite
5) reduces liver fat content

Family Medicine (1 decks)

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