Diabetes Medications

Question 1

Biguanides Main Action

Answer 1

decrease hepatic glucose output

Question 2

Metformin

Answer 2

Glucophage

Question 3

Metformin Dose

Answer 3

500-2550 mg (usually BID with meal)

Question 4

Riomet

Answer 4

liquid metformin

Question 5

Riomet Dose

Answer 5

500-2550 mg (500 mg/5 mL)

Question 6

Glucophage XR

Answer 6

Extended release
500-2000 mg (1x daily with dinner)

Question 7

Glumetza

Answer 7

Extended release
500-2000 mg (1x daily with dinner)

Question 8

Fortamet

Answer 8

Extended release
500-2500 mg (1x daily with dinner)

Question 9

Biguanides Side Effects

Answer 9

nausea, bloating, diarrhea, B12 deficiency

Question 10

Management of Biguanides Side Effects

Answer 10

take with meals, use XR

Question 11

Biguanides Considerations

Answer 11

DO NOT USE if GFR < 30
if GFR < 45 don’t start metformin
If patient on metformin and GFR falls between 30-45 evaluate benefit versus risk; consider decreasing dose

Question 12

Biguanides Benefits

Answer 12

lowers cholesterol; low risk of hypoglycemia, no weight gain; inexpensive; approved pediatrics 10 + years

Question 13

Biguanides Lowers A1c by __% - ___%

Answer 13

1.0-2.0%

Question 14

Sulfonylureas Main Action

Answer 14

Stimulates sustained insulin release

Question 15

Glyburide

Answer 15

Diabeta, Glynase PresTabs

Question 16

Glyburide Doses

Answer 16

Diabeta (1.25-20 mg)
Glynase PresTabs (0.75-12 mg)G

Question 17

Glipizide

Answer 17

Glucotrol
Glucotrol XL

Question 18

Glipizide Doses

Answer 18

Glucotrol (2.5-40 mg)
Glucotrol XL (2.5-20 mg)

Question 19

Glimepiride

Answer 19

Amaryl (1.0-8 mg)

Question 20

Sulfonylureas Caution

Answer 20

most likely to cause hypoglycemia

Question 21

Sulfonylureas Side Effects

Answer 21

hypoglycemia, weight gain (eliminated via kidney)

Question 22

Sulfonylureas Lowers A1c __% - ___%

Answer 22

1-2%

Question 23

Sulfonylureas Dose Timing

Answer 23

once or twice daily before meals

Question 24

SGLT2 Inhibitors Main Action

Answer 24

decreased glucose reabsorption in kidneys

Question 25

Canagliflozin

Answer 25

Invokana

Question 26

Dapagliflozin

Answer 26

Farxiga

Question 27

Empagliflozin

Answer 27

Jardiance * approved for peds 10+ years

Question 28

Ertugliflozin

Answer 28

Steglatro

Question 29

Bexagliflozin

Answer 29

Brenzavvy

Question 30

Canagliflozin (Invokana) Dose

Answer 30

100-300 mg 1x daily

Question 31

Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) Dose

Answer 31

5-10 mg 1x daily

Question 32

Empagliflozin (Jardiance) Dose

Answer 32

10-25 mg 1x daily

Question 33

Ertugliflozin (Steglatro) Dose

Answer 33

5-15 mg 1x daily

Question 34

Bexagliflozin (Brenzavvy)

Answer 34

20 mg 1x daily

Question 35

SGLT2 Inhibitors Side Effects

Answer 35

hypotension, UTIs, genital infections, increased urination, weight loss, ketoacidosis

Question 36

SGLT2 Benefits

Answer 36

reduce BG, CV death, and HF. Slows CKD.

Question 37

SGLT2 Protection for ___

Answer 37

Heart Failure, CV and Kidney
1st line of treatment for HF, CKD, and CV before or with metformin