Diabetes medications Flashcards
What are the rapid acting insulin preparations?
- Lispro
- Aspart
- Glulisine
(no LAG)
How long does it take for the short acting (LAG) insulin preparations take to peak?
1 hr
What are the long acting insulins?
- Detemir
- Glargine
What is an intermediate acting insulin? (4-10hr peak)
NPH
When does regular insulin peak?
2-3 hrs (it is considered short acting)
What medication is ised 1st line in T2DM? What class of medication is it?
Metformin (Biguanide)
What is the mechanism of action of Metformin (biguanide)
- Inhibits hepatic gluconeogensis
- Increases glycolysis
- Increases peripheral Glucose uptake
What are the side-effects of Metformin? (3)
- GI upset
- Lactic acidosis (esp in renal insufficiency)
- B12 deficiency
Provide examples of Sulfonylureas, what letters do they start/end with?
- Glimepride
- Glipizide
- Glyburide
Start with GL end with - IDE
What are patients taking Sulfonglureas at risk of developing?
Hypoglycemia
Examples of Meglitinides
- Nateglinide
- Repaglinide
End with - GLINIDE
Give an example of a DPP-4 inhibitor
Sitagliptin
- End with -GLIPTIN
What is the MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g sitagliptin)
Inhibit DPP-4 -> potentiates GLP-1
- GLP-1 causes insulin release, inhibits glucagon release
- DPP-4 inhibits GLP-1
What are adverse effects of DPP-4 inhibitors?
UTI, Resp infections
What do DPP-4 inhibitors end in?
Gliptin (e.g sitagliptin)
How do GLP-1 agonists work in T2DM?
- Increases Insulin release
- Decreases/inhibits glucagon release
How can GLP-1 agonists be administered
SC injection
What are examples of GLP-1 agonists? What do they end in?
- Exenatide
- Liraglutide
End in -tide, people GuLP TIDE pods
What can GLP-1 agonists cause? Major complication
Pancreatitis
What are examples if SGLT-2 inhibitors?
- canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin
End in - GliFLOZIN, glucose flows out the urine
What are side-effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors?
- Glucosuria, UTI, vaginal yeast infection
- HyperKalemia
- Dehydration
What are examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
- Acarbose
- Miglitol
What are side-effects of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
GI upset, bloating
What is the MOA of thiazolidinediones?
Binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-y) nuclear factor
- Increases insulin sensitivity
What are examples of Thiazolidinediones?
- Pioglitazone
- Rosiglitazone
What are adverse effects of Thiazolidinediones?
- HF
- Fractures
What is an example of a Amylin analog?
Pramlinitide
How does Pramlitinide work (amylin analog)?
Synthetic amylin that works alongside insulin
What is an adverse effect of Pramlinitide (amylin analog)?
Hypoglycemia
