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USMLE Endocrine > Diabetes medications > Flashcards

Diabetes medications Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the rapid acting insulin preparations?

A
  • Lispro
  • Aspart
  • Glulisine
    (no LAG)
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2
Q

How long does it take for the short acting (LAG) insulin preparations take to peak?

A

1 hr

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3
Q

What are the long acting insulins?

A
  • Detemir

- Glargine

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4
Q

What is an intermediate acting insulin? (4-10hr peak)

A

NPH

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5
Q

When does regular insulin peak?

A

2-3 hrs (it is considered short acting)

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6
Q

What medication is ised 1st line in T2DM? What class of medication is it?

A

Metformin (Biguanide)

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metformin (biguanide)

A
  • Inhibits hepatic gluconeogensis
  • Increases glycolysis
  • Increases peripheral Glucose uptake
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8
Q

What are the side-effects of Metformin? (3)

A
  • GI upset
  • Lactic acidosis (esp in renal insufficiency)
  • B12 deficiency
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9
Q

Provide examples of Sulfonylureas, what letters do they start/end with?

A
  • Glimepride
  • Glipizide
  • Glyburide
    Start with GL end with - IDE
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10
Q

What are patients taking Sulfonglureas at risk of developing?

A

Hypoglycemia

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11
Q

Examples of Meglitinides

A
  • Nateglinide
  • Repaglinide
    End with - GLINIDE
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12
Q

Give an example of a DPP-4 inhibitor

A

Sitagliptin

- End with -GLIPTIN

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13
Q

What is the MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g sitagliptin)

A

Inhibit DPP-4 -> potentiates GLP-1
- GLP-1 causes insulin release, inhibits glucagon release

  • DPP-4 inhibits GLP-1
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14
Q

What are adverse effects of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

UTI, Resp infections

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15
Q

What do DPP-4 inhibitors end in?

A

Gliptin (e.g sitagliptin)

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16
Q

How do GLP-1 agonists work in T2DM?

A
  • Increases Insulin release

- Decreases/inhibits glucagon release

17
Q

How can GLP-1 agonists be administered

A

SC injection

18
Q

What are examples of GLP-1 agonists? What do they end in?

A
  • Exenatide
  • Liraglutide
    End in -tide, people GuLP TIDE pods
19
Q

What can GLP-1 agonists cause? Major complication

A

Pancreatitis

20
Q

What are examples if SGLT-2 inhibitors?

A
  • canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

End in - GliFLOZIN, glucose flows out the urine

21
Q

What are side-effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors?

A
  • Glucosuria, UTI, vaginal yeast infection
  • HyperKalemia
  • Dehydration
22
Q

What are examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A
  • Acarbose

- Miglitol

23
Q

What are side-effects of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

GI upset, bloating

24
Q

What is the MOA of thiazolidinediones?

A

Binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-y) nuclear factor
- Increases insulin sensitivity

25
Q

What are examples of Thiazolidinediones?

A
  • Pioglitazone

- Rosiglitazone

26
Q

What are adverse effects of Thiazolidinediones?

A
  • HF

- Fractures

27
Q

What is an example of a Amylin analog?

A

Pramlinitide

28
Q

How does Pramlitinide work (amylin analog)?

A

Synthetic amylin that works alongside insulin

29
Q

What is an adverse effect of Pramlinitide (amylin analog)?

A

Hypoglycemia

USMLE Endocrine (8 decks)

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