Diabetes Management Flashcards
What is the diagnostic HbA1c for diabetes?
6.5
How often should you check BSLs of a diabetic patient who is fasting?
every hour
At what BSL should you check ketones?
15
Which type of insulin is only used in T1DM?
levemir
What is the mechanism of action of empaglaflozin?
inhibits the sodium glucose transporter in the proximal tubule of the kidney
What are the added benefits of an SGLT2 inhibitor?
reduces risk of macrovascular complications, end stage kidney disease, weight reduction, HbA1c reduction, blood pressure reduction
What is the mechanism of action of metformin?
Reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis (insulin sensitising)
What is the mechanism of action of sulphonylureas?
Increases insulin release from the pancreas
What is glyclazide?
A sulphonylurea
What is the mechanism of action of DPP4 inhibitors?
DPP4 inactivates incretins - so an inhibitor gives you more incretins - which stimulate insulin release and inhibits glucagon release
What is the mechanism of action of GLP1 agonists?
Increases incretins - stimulate insulin release and inhibits glucagon release
What is the main side effect of metformin?
GI upset
What is the standard dose of metformin?
1000mg BD (start at 500mg mane and increase)
What eGFR should you not prescribe metformin and why?
Less than 30 - risk of lactic acidosis
What is exenatide?
A GLP1 agonist (also called byetta)
What is sitagliptin?
A DPP4 inhibitor
What is jardiance?
Empaglaflozin
