Diabetes: economic & social issues

Question 1

In muscle and liver cells, insulin promotes the conversion of ________ to _________ for storage.

Answer 1

In muscle and liver cells, insulin promotes the conversion of GLUCOSE to GLYCOGEN for storage.

Question 2

How does insulin affect fat synthesis and storage?

Answer 2

1. 1. Since insulin promotes glucose uptake, cells do not have to burn fat for energy.
2. In liver cells, insulin promotes conversion of excess glucose in to fatty acids. These fatty acids are released for transport in the blood to adipose cells.
3. In the fat cells, insulin promotes conversion of glucose to glycerol.

Question 3

Does the brain need insulin to absorb glucose?

Answer 3

No, the brain - unlike most cells in the body - can absorb glucose without insulin.

Question 4

Is insulin an anabolic or catabolic hormone? Why?

Answer 4

Insulin is an anabolic hormone because it promotes a process that builds up substances in the body. Anabolic = Builds up

Question 5

In the United States how many total children and adults have diabetes?

Answer 5

25.8 million children and adults (27% are unaware that they have the disease).

Question 6

In 2007, how much was spent on diabetes medical expenses and lost productivity in the US?

Answer 6

$174 billion ($116 billion in direct medical expenses) - people with diabetes incur more than twice the expenditures of people without diabetes.

Question 7

What are the current projections by the ADA and the CDC on increases in people with diabetes in the US?

Answer 7

ADA: 5.6% to 12% of US population between 2005 and 2050 CDC: 1 in 3 US adults will have diabetes by 2050.

Question 8

What are the 5 implications that diabetes has on a person’s quality of life?

Answer 8

1. Timing of medications
2. Exercise
3. Infections
4. Regular Self-Blood Glucose Monitoring
5. Potential for disability