Diabetes Drugs

Question 1

Acarbose

Answer 1

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Question 2

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work by

Answer 2

Decreasing upper GI absorption of glucose, decreasing post-meal hyperglycemia

*Inhibits breakdown of complex polysaccharides

Question 3

Pioglitazone

Answer 3

thiazolidinedione

Question 4

Thiazolidinediones work by

Answer 4

enhancing effects of insulin, enhance fat storage

*Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist

Question 5

Side effects of thiazolidinediones

Answer 5

Weight gain, fluid retention (don’t use with HF)

Question 6

Sulfonylureas mechanism of action

Answer 6

Works independent of glucose, binds and opens ATP sensitve K+ channel. Depolarize cell membrane, leading to calcium influx and insulin release.

*Take with food, may cause hypoglycemia

Question 7

List three sulfonylureas

Answer 7

Glipizide, glimepiride, glyburide

Question 8

GLP-1 agonist mechanism

Answer 8

bind to GLP-1 receptor on Beta-cell and stimulate insulin secretion. Requires glucose to cause depolarization/calcium influx and initiate insulin secretion cascade

Question 9

Exenatide and liraglutide are

Answer 9

GLP-1 agonists

*May cause weight loss (5lbs due to slowed gastric emptying, nausea), pancreatitis

Question 10

DPP-IV inhibitors work by

*dipeptidyl peptidase IV breaks down GLP-1

Answer 10

Making endogenous GLP-1 last longer

Question 11

Sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin are

Answer 11

DPP-IV inhibitors

*does not cause weight loss, otherwise similar side effects to GLP-1 agonist

Question 12

SGLT-2 inhibitors mechanism of action

Answer 12

SGLT-2 is expressed in proximal renal tubule, mediates reabsorption of 90% filtered glucose load. SGLT-2 inhibitors promote renal excretion of glucose

Question 13

Canaglifozin is a

Answer 13

SGLT-2 inhibitor

Side effects include: weight loss, vulvovaginal candidiasis, UTIs, Ketoacidosis cases