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Step 2 CK Review > Diabetes Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Metformin - mechanism of action

A

↑glycolysis, ↓gluconeogensis, ↑peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity)

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2
Q

Metformin - side effects

A

GI upset, lactic acidosis (contraindicated in renal failure)

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3
Q

Sulfonylureas - name drugs

A

1st gen: Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide

2nd gen: glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide

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4
Q

Sulfonylureas - mechanism

A

Increase insulin release from pancreas

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5
Q

Sulfonylureas - side effects

A

1st gen: disulfiram-like effects

2nd gen: hypoglycemia

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6
Q

Thiazolidinediones/Glitazones - name drugs

A

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

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7
Q

Thiazolidinediones/Glitazones - mechanism

A

↑insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues

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8
Q

Thiazolidinediones/Glitazones - side effects

A

Weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

α-glucosidase inhibitors - name drugs

A

Acarbose, miglitol

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10
Q

α-glucosidase inhibitors - mechanism

A

inhibits intestinal brush-border α-glucosidases to decrease disaccharidase activity –> delays glucose absorption

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11
Q

Incretins - name drugs (GLP-1 analogs, DPP-4 inhibitors)

A

GLP-1 analogs: exenatide, liraglutide

DPP-4 inhibitors: linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin

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12
Q

Incretins - mechanism

A

↑insulin, ↓glucagon release

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13
Q
  • Initial therapeutic agent for most type 2 diabetics
  • Weight neutral, low risk of hypoglycemia
  • Lactic acidosis is a life-threatening complication
A

Metformin (biguanide)

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14
Q
  • Generally added in patients with metformin failure

- weight gain & hypoglycemia are main side effects

A

Sulfonylureas

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15
Q
  • Used if unable to tolerate metformin or sulfonylureas
  • Side effects: weight gain, edema, CHF, bone fracture, bladder cancer
  • Low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone or with metformin
  • Can be used in renal insufficiency
A

Pioglitazone (TZDs)

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16
Q
  • Low risk of hypoglycemia
  • Weight neutral
  • Can be used in renal insufficiency
A

DPP-IV inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin)

17
Q
  • Possible second agent for metformin failure, especially if weight loss is desired
  • Low hypoglycemia risk when used alone or with metformin
A

GLP-1 receptor agonist (e.g., exenatide)

Step 2 CK Review (2 decks)

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