Diabetes drugs

Question 1

Metformin

Answer 1

Increase peripheral insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose uptake.

Lactic acidosis and GI disturbance.

Question 2

Sulfonyureas

Answer 2

Depolarise islet cells in the pancreas increasing insulin release.

Hypoglycaemia and weight gain.

Question 3

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 3

Activate PPAR-gamma receptor in adipocytes to promote adipogenesis and fatty acid uptake

Fluid retention, weight gain and worsening heart failure.

Question 4

SGLT2 Inhibitors

Answer 4

Increase urinary glucose loss.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis when used with insulin and increased risk of urinary tract infections.

Question 5

DPP4-Inhibitors

Answer 5

Inhibit GLP1 breakdown.

Hypoglycaemia and GI upset.

Question 6

GLP1 Analogues

Answer 6

e.g. Exenatide
Incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion

Hypoglycaemia, GI upset and may increase the risk of pancreatitis when used with DPP4-inhibitors.

Question 7

Intestinal Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Answer 7

e.g. Acarbose
Delay intestinal carbohydrate absorption

Flatulence and GI disturbance.