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NUTR 344 > Diabetes diet calculations: choices and meal plan > Flashcards

Diabetes diet calculations: choices and meal plan Flashcards

1
Q

Why consume low GI foods?

A

It helps to: • decrease risk of type 2 diabetes and its complications • decrease risk of heart disease and stroke • feel full longer • maintain or lose weight

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2
Q

Should u avoid alcohol if you have diabetes?

A

As a general rule, there is no need to avoid alcohol because you have diabetes.You should not drink alcohol if you: • are pregnant or trying to get pregnant • are breastfeeding • have a personal or family history of drinking problems • are planning to drive or engage in other activities that require attention or skill • are taking certain medications. Ask your pharmacist about your medications.

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3
Q

What are the aspects that help individualize the program to your client?

A
  • What do they know?
  • What do they find difficult or challenging?
  • What are their goals to manage their diabetes?
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4
Q

Examples of Individualized Goals

A
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5
Q

Ways of controlling type 2 or pre-diabtes

A
  • Diet
  • Excercise

Some T2DM patients can control their symtomps usign only these 2 methods

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6
Q

Ways of controlling type 2 diabtes

A
  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Meds (typically start with oral)
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7
Q

Ways of controlling type 1 or 2 diabtes

A
  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Meds, Insulin (insulin is obligatory in type 1)
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8
Q

Who is at risk for very high or low blood sugars?

A

not every diabetic person is at risk of such extreme conditions

  • insulin or insulin secratogogue medication
  • Illness: increases blood glucose-> increased risk of hyperglycemia
  • Alcohol: lowers blood glucose as liver is busy neutralizing alcohol
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Type 1
  • Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) in Type 2
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9
Q

What causes a diabetic coma?

A
  1. Severe hypoglycemia - severely low blood sugar
  2. Deabetic ketoacidosis- extremely high blood sugars from a lack of insulin; more typical for T1DM
  3. Diabetice hyperosmolar syndrome- severy dehydration and high blood sugar; more often in T2DM
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10
Q

What % of diabetics use insulin?

A
  • Within 5 - 10 years or less of diagnosis, many Type 2 diabetics will need insulin to optimize control, especially if their blood glucose was very high at the time of diagnosis
  • Approximately 14% use insulin alone (this would include Type 1’s and Type 2’s). Type 1 represents 5 – 10%.
  • 13% use insulin and oral medication (Type 2)
  • 57% take oral medication only (Type 2)
  • 16% control blood sugar with no medications (diet and exercise alone) (Type 2)
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11
Q

Why insulin for Type 2

A
  • Eating right, exercise, + oral meds may not be enough
  • Insulin works. It is the closest to our normal body function- > thus, patients should not be scared about using insulin
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12
Q

What might be the benefits of giving type 2 pateitns insulin sooner?

A

Starting insulin sooner for a Type 2 may give:

  • Feel better sooner
  • Better mood, better outlook
  • Better control of blood glucose sooner

• Avoid complications developing

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13
Q

The Effect of Alcohol on Blood Sugar

A

The effects are unpredictable

  • Can cause blood sugars to go low (effect can last up to 24 hours)
  • Symptoms of low blood sugar could be confused with drunkenness, thus might go unnoticed, which is bad and dangerous
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14
Q

When driniking alcohol, Diabetics need to make sure to->

A
  • Consume a meal or snack while drinking alcohol to provide glucose since alcohol lowers glucose
  • Wear a medic-alert ID
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15
Q

What are the alcohol intake recommendations in diabetes?

A

Same as for peoplw w/o diabetes

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16
Q

What are the recommendations for insulin administration when drinking?

A

If you are carbohydrate counting, do not take insulin for the carbohydrate content of alcoholic drinks

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17
Q

Which alcoholic beverages should be avoided by diabetics? Why?

Which drinks are ok?

A

Liquers and Cordials, Wine, Coolers, Mixes should be avoided due to high CHO content

Beer, spirits/hard liquor are OK

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18
Q

1 Regular Beer = 140 kcalories, with 10 g of Carbohydrate, 0 g fat, 1 g protein.

• How many kcalories does the carbohydrate + protein provide?

What is the source of other calories?

A

How many kcalories does the carbohydrate + protein provide? (10 x 4) + (1 x 4) = 44

96kcal are coming from alcohol

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19
Q

How long does it usually take to digest carbs?

Does it take less or more time to digest fat/protein

A

2h

Takes longer to digest fat/protein

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20
Q

GI category of white bread. whole wheat bread

A

both are medium GI

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21
Q

Is flour a simple carb? What is its GI?

A

flour is a starch complex, but it is still digested fairly quickly
• High glycemic inde

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22
Q

Does low sugar= low GI? give an example

A

White Bread often has no sugar in it, but has a high GI-> thus low sugar doesn’t equal low GI

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23
Q

Are unsweetened juices a “free to go” item?

A

No, Avoid Juice, even if unsweetened

• Pure unsweetened fruit juice has no added sugar but does contain carbohydrate which is rapidly absorbed

24
Q

what can Juice or sweetened beverages be used for?

A

Juice or sweetened beverages can be used to treat a Low blood sugar.

25
Q

What is recommended instead of juice? Why>

A

real fruit is better than juice
lower Gi plus less is usually consumed

26
Q

Name a milk/alternative item with high GI

A

rice milk

27
Q

What GI group do milk/alternative usually belong to? Why

A

Usually below to low GI as there’s usually fat and protein content

28
Q

7 tips form Just the Basics and reasons

A
29
Q

What is important about CHO and meal intakes for people with diabetes?

A

Consistency in spacing and intake of carbohydrate and in spacing and regularity in meal consumption may help control blood glucose and weight

30
Q

Is milk a seprate food group in diabetes canada guide? In food guide?

A

Food guide- no longer a separate food group

Diabetes guide- still a separate food group

31
Q

How can hands be used to determine a portion?

A
32
Q

What is the weigth of CHO in one serving

A

1 serving of CHO= 15g

33
Q

What are the Foods that have Little or No Carbohydrate

A
  • MEAT & ALTERNATIVEs- 0 grams (except for legumes)
  • VEGETABLES- 0 grams (except for some vegetables)
  • FATS- 0 grams
34
Q

How many g of CHO per meal and per snack?

A
  • 45 to 75g (3-5 exchanges) per meal
  • 15 to 30g per snack

the amount though depends on various factors, such as age, gender, height, weight, and level of physical activity

35
Q

What are the recommended blood sugar levels before and 2h after meals

A
  • 4 to 7 mmol/l before meals
  • 5 and 10 mmol/L 2 hours after meals
36
Q

How to read to carb labels for people with diabetes? for carb exchange calculations

A

General easy guide:

Fibre should be subtracted from total carbohydrate because it does not raise blood glucose

36g – 6g = 30g-> 2 carb choices

37
Q

Does sugar high up in the ingredient list= bad?

A

No! calculate carb exchange to see whether the item is appropriate or not

38
Q

Health Canada Label Reading “a little” vs “a lot”

A

<5%-> a little

>15%-> a lot

39
Q

What shoudl we eat less and more of?

A

Less of: fat, saturated and trans fats, sodium

More of : fibre, Vit A, calcium, iron

40
Q

Who might benefit from a more complex meal plan?

A
  • Those who would benefit from a more precise meal plan and who are able and motivated to understand the plan
  • Type 1 on a conventional insulin plan (one or two injections per day)
  • Type 2 who needs to control portion sizes, trying to lose weight
41
Q

Who might not benefit from a more complex meal plan?

A
  • Diabetic who has difficulty following basic principles or complex
  • instructions (ex: less motivated, lower literacy…)
  • Vegan
  • Athlete or person with higher energy needs
  • Person not needing to lose weight or control portions
  • Person with multiple insulin injections per day (match insulin to carbohydrate)  Clinical Nutrition 3
42
Q

Nutritional Value of one exchange

A
43
Q

When would a pateint use exact labels or nutritional analysis tables?

A
  • have time
  • trying a new product
  • less common food

• not sure

44
Q

What does 1 starch exchange equal to?

A

15g carbs

3g prot

0 fat

45
Q

legumes are found both in __ and __

A

legumes are found both in starch and meat

46
Q

Do canadians eat enough veggies?

A

No

47
Q

Which veggies shoudl be counted as a source of cal/macronutrients

A

the starchy ones

48
Q

1 Milk and Alternatives exchange =

A

12 to 15 g carbohydrate

8 g protein

0 to 9 g fat

49
Q

Cheese and plain Greek yogurt are listed in the __ group because they are l__

A

Cheese and plain Greek yogurt are listed in the Meat and Alternatives group because they are low in carbohydrates and high in protein.

50
Q

recommendationsf for added sugar intake

A

Adults with diabetes may substitute added sugars (sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, fructose, glucose) with other carbohydrates as part of mixed meals up to a maximum of 10% of total daily energy intake, provided adequate control of BG, lipids, and body weight is maintained

51
Q

1 Meat and Alternatives exchange =

A

0 g carbohydrate

8 g protein

3 g fat

52
Q

One Fats exchange =

A

0 g carbohydrate

0 g protein

5 g fat

53
Q

Which food group do Nuts and Seeds belong to?

A

• Small amounts are included and mentioned mainly in the Fats section due to their high fat content

If you have a client who is vegetarian and regularly consuming nuts and seeds as their protein source, then you could count them as Meat and Alternatives

45 – 60 ml whole nuts/seeds = 1 Very High Fat Meat and Alternative

54
Q

are people with diabetes required to consume sugar substitures

A

no

55
Q

AMDR recommendations

A

CHO: 45-60%

Prot: 15-20% (or 1-1.5g /kg BW)

Fat: 20-35%

NUTR 344 (22 decks)

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