Diabetes & Diabetic Heart Disease Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of diabetes?
Type 1 - insulin deficiency
Type 2 - insulin insensitivity
Gestational diabetes
What is the classic presenting triad of type 1 diabetes?
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Rapid weightloss
Which is more common, type 1 or type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 - 10%
Type 2 - 90%
Acanthosis nigricans is a sign of what?
Insulin resistance
A random plasma glucose of what would indicate diabetes?
> 11mmol/L
A fasting plasma glucose of what would indicate diabetes?
≥ 7 mmol/L
A HbA1c of what would indicate diabetes?
> 48mmol/L (6.5%)
C-peptide is present in type 1 or type 2 diabetes?
Type 2
What should diabetics pre-meal and post-meal blood sugars aim to be?
Pre-meal: 4-6
Post meal: 5-9
Why is fibre good for diabetics?
Provides sustained release of glucose
What can be added to metformin if good insulin control is not achieved?
Sulphenylurea - gliclazide, glimepride
Which out of metformin & sulphenylureas increases weight?
sulphenylureas
What would be shown on a blood gas in DKA?
Metabolic acidosis - pH <7.3
Low bicarb <15
Normal CO2
How are IV fluids given in adult DKA?
1L over 1 hr - 2hr - 2hr - 4hr - 4hr - 6hr
What are the 3 processes that contribute to diabetic heart disease?
Coronary atherosclerosis
Metabolic syndrome
Insulin resistance - pro-thrombotic effects
