Diabetes Flashcards
Also known as starch blockers.
a-Glucosidase Inhibitors
oral/gel glucose tablets have to be used if hypoglycemia occurs for (drug name)
Acarbose (Precose)
Where do starch blockers block the starch?
Small bowel
Side effects of a-Glucosidase Inhibitors are:
flatulence, cramps, abdominal distention, rumbling bowl sounds, and diarrhea.
Which drug do you not give in the arm?
Amylin Analogs:
pramlintide (Symlin)
Which drug increases insulin synthesis from the pancreas and stimulates GLP-1?
Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists
Exenatide (Byetta & Bydureon), Liraglutide (Victoza), Albiglutide (Tanzeum), Dulaglutide (Trulicity), and Lixisenatide (Adlyxin). Are:
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.
Advantage of combination Oral Therapy
The patient takes fewer pills which leads to better adherence to therapy.
Bromocriptine (Cycloset) is a
Dopamine Recepter Agonist.
Hypoglycemia
Low blood glucose >70mg/dl
If a patient has dark urine especially then you need to notify physician if pt is taking:
Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitaxone (Actos)
rare
Actos side effects:
Edema, May raise LDL, No hypoglycemia, Weight gain in combination
How long should you wait to resume metformin after surgery?
48 hours.
Side effects of Metformin (Biguanides)
Decreased appetite, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, lactic acidosis (rare).
Which drug increases insulin sensitivity at tissue level
Biguanides (Metformin)
Sulfonylureas are:
Glipizide (glucotrol/glucotrol XL), Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase, Micronase), Glimepride (Amaryl),
Which drug increases insulin release from the pancreas?
Sulfonylureas
When should you give Sulfonylureas?
30 minutes before or with a meal.
Dawn phenomenon
Blood sugars keeps rising like the sun.
Somogyi Effect
Blood sugar drops during the night and raises a lot by morning.
Problems with Insulin Therapy
Allergic reaction, Lipodystrophy, Somogyi, and dawn phenomenon.
What gives continuous insulin via SQ?
Insulin Pump
Where can you inject insulin?
Lower back, Tops of Thighs, Belly, Back of arms.
Where is the fasted absorption?
In the Abdomen
Process of mixing insulin?
Air Air Clear Cloudy
Long duration insulins are:
detemir (levemir) last 18-23 hr
Glargine (Lantus) up to 24hr
Degludec (Tresiba) last up to 42 hr.
Can you mix long duration insulins?
NO!!
what is retinopathy?
Eye damage/death
Intermediate Duration are:
NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N
Cloudy 1.5-4 hr onset peak 4-12hr
Nephropathy is:
Kidneys damage/death
Neuropathy:
Nerve damage/death
Short duration is:
regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R, ReliOn R)
How can you give regular insulin?
SQ, IV, IM, IP
The only one that can be given IV or IP.
Short action are:
Lispro (HUmalog), Aspart (NovoLog), Glulisine (Apidra).
What type of insulin should you never give IV?
Short action, rapid acting
Duration of Rapid acting insulin?
Effects begin 15 minutes of SQ peak 30min -3 hours, duration 3 to 5 hours.
Can you give short action insulin immediately after meal?
Yes.
Untreated Hypoglycemia leads to:
Loss of conciousness, Seizures, Coma, Death.
Macrovascular is:
Disease of the large and medium sized blood vessels.
Microvascular is:
Disease of small blood vessels.
Leading cause of Blindness for people ages 20-74 years.
Diabetic Retinopathy.
Microvascular affects:
Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Dermopathy.
