Diabetes

Question 1

Also known as starch blockers.

Answer 1

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Question 2

oral/gel glucose tablets have to be used if hypoglycemia occurs for (drug name)

Answer 2

Acarbose (Precose)

Question 3

Where do starch blockers block the starch?

Answer 3

Small bowel

Question 4

Side effects of a-Glucosidase Inhibitors are:

Answer 4

flatulence, cramps, abdominal distention, rumbling bowl sounds, and diarrhea.

Question 5

Which drug do you not give in the arm?

Answer 5

Amylin Analogs:

pramlintide (Symlin)

Question 6

Which drug increases insulin synthesis from the pancreas and stimulates GLP-1?

Answer 6

Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists

Question 7

Exenatide (Byetta & Bydureon), Liraglutide (Victoza), Albiglutide (Tanzeum), Dulaglutide (Trulicity), and Lixisenatide (Adlyxin). Are:

Answer 7

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

Question 8

Advantage of combination Oral Therapy

Answer 8

The patient takes fewer pills which leads to better adherence to therapy.

Question 9

Bromocriptine (Cycloset) is a

Answer 9

Dopamine Recepter Agonist.

Question 10

Hypoglycemia

Answer 10

Low blood glucose >70mg/dl

Question 11

If a patient has dark urine especially then you need to notify physician if pt is taking:

Answer 11

Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitaxone (Actos)
rare

Question 12

Actos side effects:

Answer 12

Edema, May raise LDL, No hypoglycemia, Weight gain in combination

Question 13

How long should you wait to resume metformin after surgery?

Answer 13

48 hours.

Question 14

Side effects of Metformin (Biguanides)

Answer 14

Decreased appetite, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, lactic acidosis (rare).

Question 15

Which drug increases insulin sensitivity at tissue level

Answer 15

Biguanides (Metformin)

Question 16

Sulfonylureas are:

Answer 16

Glipizide (glucotrol/glucotrol XL), Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase, Micronase), Glimepride (Amaryl),

Question 17

Which drug increases insulin release from the pancreas?

Answer 17

Sulfonylureas

Question 18

When should you give Sulfonylureas?

Answer 18

30 minutes before or with a meal.

Question 19

Dawn phenomenon

Answer 19

Blood sugars keeps rising like the sun.

Question 20

Somogyi Effect

Answer 20

Blood sugar drops during the night and raises a lot by morning.

Question 21

Problems with Insulin Therapy

Answer 21

Allergic reaction, Lipodystrophy, Somogyi, and dawn phenomenon.

Question 22

What gives continuous insulin via SQ?

Answer 22

Insulin Pump

Question 23

Where can you inject insulin?

Answer 23

Lower back, Tops of Thighs, Belly, Back of arms.

Question 24

Where is the fasted absorption?

Answer 24

In the Abdomen

Question 25

Process of mixing insulin?

Answer 25

Air Air Clear Cloudy

Question 26

Long duration insulins are:

Answer 26

detemir (levemir) last 18-23 hr
Glargine (Lantus) up to 24hr
Degludec (Tresiba) last up to 42 hr.

Question 27

Can you mix long duration insulins?

Answer 27

NO!!

Question 28

what is retinopathy?

Answer 28

Eye damage/death

Question 29

Intermediate Duration are:

Answer 29

NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N

Cloudy 1.5-4 hr onset peak 4-12hr

Question 30

Nephropathy is:

Answer 30

Kidneys damage/death

Question 31

Neuropathy:

Answer 31

Nerve damage/death

Question 32

Short duration is:

Answer 32

regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R, ReliOn R)

Question 33

How can you give regular insulin?

Answer 33

SQ, IV, IM, IP

The only one that can be given IV or IP.

Question 34

Short action are:

Answer 34

Lispro (HUmalog), Aspart (NovoLog), Glulisine (Apidra).

Question 35

What type of insulin should you never give IV?

Answer 35

Short action, rapid acting

Question 36

Duration of Rapid acting insulin?

Answer 36

Effects begin 15 minutes of SQ peak 30min -3 hours, duration 3 to 5 hours.

Question 37

Can you give short action insulin immediately after meal?

Answer 37

Yes.

Question 38

Untreated Hypoglycemia leads to:

Answer 38

Loss of conciousness, Seizures, Coma, Death.

Question 39

Macrovascular is:

Answer 39

Disease of the large and medium sized blood vessels.

Question 40

Microvascular is:

Answer 40

Disease of small blood vessels.

Question 41

Leading cause of Blindness for people ages 20-74 years.

Answer 41

Diabetic Retinopathy.

Question 42

Microvascular affects:

Answer 42

Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Dermopathy.