Diabetes

Question 1

risk factors for diabetes

Answer 1

• family history (1st degree relative)
• high risk populations (non-white, low SES)
• history of GDM/prediabetes
• cardiovascular risk factors
• presence of end organ damage associated with diabetes

Question 2

diagnosing diabetes

Answer 2

a1c >6.5
fpg > 7.0

prediabetes
a1c >6.0
fpg 6.1-6.9 (impaired fasting glucose)

Question 3

pharm treatment for diabetes >1.5% from target

Answer 3

1. start metformin

2.

Question 4

SGLT2 inhibitor side effects

Answer 4

(cana and empa)

• genital infections / UTI
• rare: normoglycemic DKA
• weight loss
• rare

Question 5

GLP1 agonist

Answer 5

(liraglutide)

• weight loss

Question 6

insulin side effects

Answer 6

• hypoglycemia

- weight gain

Question 7

sick day management of diabetes

Answer 7

if GI upset, dehydration, hold meds that increase risk of decline in kidney function: SAD MANS until eating and drinking normally

Sulfonylureas
ACE inhibitors
Diurectics, direct renin inhibitors
Metformin
ARB
NSAIDs
SGLT2 inhibitors

Question 8

symptoms of:
hypoglycemia
hyperglycemia

Answer 8

HYPOGLYCEMIA

• sweating / trembling / palpitations / anxiety
• hunger / nausea
• change in mental status
  1. eat some sugar, check again in 15 minutes

HYPERGLYCEMIA

• thirsty
• peeing more than usual
• tired

Question 9

DKA symptoms

Answer 9

• n/v
• adbo pain
• poluria, polydipsia
• neurologic symptoms: lethargy, seizure, coma

Question 10

treatment of DKA

Answer 10

• fluids (NS)
• potassium
• insulin
• monitor serum glucose hourly
• ABCs
• monitor oxygen, cardiac monitor, large bore IVs