DIABETES

Question 1

Insulin

Answer 1

Actrapid

Actraphane

Question 2

Actrapid

Answer 2

Insulin with a mutation to prevent dimer/hexamerisation so it stays readily available monomers

Question 3

Actraphane

Answer 3

Isophane version of insulin which lasts longer

Question 4

Oral Hypoglycaemics

Answer 4

Biguanides like metformin
Thiazolidinedions like Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
Sulphonylureas like gliclazide
Meglitinides

Question 5

Biguanides

Answer 5

Metformin
Reduces hepatic glucose production
Increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake
Lowers serum insulin
Contra-indicted in liver/kidney failure
Diarrhoea

Question 6

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 6

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
Activate PPAR(gamma) to reduce insulin insensitivity + better glucose use via gene expression changes
Causes obesity + cardiac events
Hepatotoxic

Question 7

Sulphonylureases

Answer 7

Gliclazide
Bind + close K+ channel in Beta cell to depolarise cell + release insulin
Weight gain
Hypoglycaemia

Question 8

Meglitinides

Answer 8

Same as sulphonylurea but different site

Question 9

Anti-ulcer drugs

Answer 9

Ranitidine, Cimetidine
Omeprazole
Metronidazole

Question 10

Ranitidine, Cimetidine

Answer 10

H2 antagonist to stop acid secretion

Question 11

Omeprazole

Answer 11

PPI

Question 12

Metronidazole

Answer 12

Antibiotic
Anti-anaerobe
Useful against H.Pylori