Diabetes Flashcards
Explain type 1 Diabetes
- Stomach changes food into glucose. 2. Enters blood stream. 3. The pancreas makes little or no insulin. 4. Little or no insulin enters the blood stream (glucose doesn’t enter cells) 5. Glucose builds up in the blood stream
Explain type 2 Diabetes
- Stomach changes foods into glucose. 2. Enters blood stream. 3. The pancreas makes insulin. 4. Insulin meters the blood stream. 5. Glucose can’t get into the cells of the body because the cells do not recognize the insulin and glucose builds up.
Signs of DKA
Kussmaul respirations, nausea and vomiting, occasional abdominal pain, fatigue, thirst, fruity breath, confusion and drowsiness, hypotension, tachycardia
signs of HHS
Profound dehydration, stupor, polyuria, hypotension, tachycardia
How to correct DKA with fluids
1 L isotonic solution (NS) over 1 hour. Then 1 L hypotonic solution over 6-8 hours (1/2 NS or D5W, then 1L hypertonic solution over 8-12 hours.
hypoglycemia rule of 15
eat or drink 15 grams, wait 15 min, recheck BS, if BS not in normal range eat another 15gm, wait 15m and recheck BS. If eaten 15 gm 3X and not greater than 70 mg/dL, call MD
if sugar is greater than 250 mg/dL with ketones do not?
exercise
drug class biguanide (nonsulfonylureal)
metformin
info on Metformin
withhold 48 hours before/after use of IV dye, must monitor liver fx, does not cause pancreas to produce more insulin, so should not cause hypoglycemia or weight gain, lowers triglycerides in blood so lowers hear disease risk
To prevent contaminating a short acting insulin with a long acting insulin, what do you do
mix clear (fast acting) before cloudy (long acting)
Rapid acting insulin O, P, and D
O: 15 P: 1 hour D: 3 hrs
short acting insulin O, P and, D
O: 30m P: 2 hrs D: 8 hrs
intermediate insulin O, P and D
O: 2 hr P: 8 hr D: 16 hr
Long acting insulin O, P, and D
O: 2 hr no peak D: 24
rapid acting insulins (2)
humalog (Lispro) and novalog (aspart)
