Diabetes Flashcards
What are the three elements of treatment that protect patients from macrovascular complications of T2DM?
BP management, glycemic control and lipid management
What are the two core elements of management that protect patients with T2DM from microvascular complications
BP and glycemic control
What are the three main types of macrovascular complication of T2DM?
Coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular illness.
What are the three main microvascular complication of T2DM
Neuropathy, Retinopathy and nephropathy
What are the four first line investigations for suspected T2DM?
HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, random plasma glucose and 2 hour post load glucose after 75g oral glucose.
What is the normal value for HbA1c?
Below 42 mmol/mol
What range of HbA1c would be considered prediabetic?
42 to 47 mmol/mol
What HbA1c value would support a diagnosis of diabetes?
48 mmol/mol and above
What is the underlying mechanism of a fasting blood glucose test?
Prolonged fasting caused a release of glucagon by the pancreas. This stimulates the release of glucose by the liver which should in turn trigger a release of insulin by the pancreas maintaining regular blood glucose. If the pancreas is unable to release sufficient insulin or the body is unresponsive to insulin blood glucose will be high.
What is a normal fasting plasma glucose test reading?
Below 6.1 mmol/l
What fasting plasma glucose test indicates an impaired fasting glucose/prediabetes?
Between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/l
What fasting blood glucose reading indicates diabetes?
7 mmol and above
What random glucose test result would indicate normal glycaemic control?
Below 11 mmol/l
What random glucose test result would indicate prediabetes?
none, random glucose test is not used for diagnosis of prediabetes
What 2 hour post prandial blood glucose test result would indicate good glycaemic control?
Below 7.8 mmol/l
