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Clinical Year, 4th Year > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal blood glucose range?

A

70 - 120 mg/dl

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2
Q

What are the 3 sources of glucose?

A
  1. Intestinal absorption
  2. Glycogenolysis
  3. Gluconeogenesis
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3
Q

Post prandial normoglycemia service as fuel for cellular metabolism for how long?

A

4-8 hours

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4
Q

In the fasted state, how is normoglycemia maintained?

A
  1. Glycogenolysis

2. Gluconeogenesis

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5
Q

Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from what 3 precursors?

A
  1. Amino acids
  2. Glycerol
  3. Lactate
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6
Q

Where is the body does gluconeogenesis occur?

A
  1. Liver (primary)

2. Kidney

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7
Q

What 4 hormones are released in response to hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dl)?

A
  1. Cortisol
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Glucagon
  4. Growth hormone
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8
Q

Are insulinomas malignant or benign?

A

Malignant

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9
Q

What is the “classic” bloodwork of an insulinoma?

A

High insulin, low glucose

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10
Q

How would you treat hypoglycemia emergently?

A
  1. IV catheter
  2. 50% dextrose (1-5 ml over 10 minutes)
  3. Dilute 1:4
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11
Q

Hyperglycemia can be caused by excessive production of what hormones?

A
  1. Cortisol
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Glucagon
  4. Progesterone
  5. Growth hormone
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12
Q

What is the renal BG threshold in a dog?

A

180 mg/dl

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13
Q

What is the renal B threshold in a cat?

A

280 mg/dl

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14
Q

What is diabetes mellitus a deficiency of?

A

Insulin

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15
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

Beta cells of endocrine pancreas

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16
Q

What are the classic signs of DM?

A
  1. PU
  2. PD
  3. PP
  4. Weight loss
17
Q

What is type I diabetes mellitus?

A

Insulin dependent (permanent insulin deficiency)

18
Q

What is type II diabetes mellitus?

A

Non-insulin dependent (possibly reversible)

19
Q

Which type of DM is most common in dogs?

A

Type I

20
Q

Which type of DM is most common in cats?

A

Type II

21
Q

How do you make the diagnose of DM?

A

Resting hyperglycemia with glucosuria in an animal with clinical signs.

Clinical Year, 4th Year (1 decks)

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