Diabetes

Question 1

Explain type 1 diabeties

Answer 1

• Result of destruction of beta-cells in the pancreas
• Destruction can occur for some time before clinical symptoms are obvious, although the progression of symptoms is rapid once the remaining beta cells are unable to meet the body’s demand for insulin
• Associated with genetic determinants, environmental factors and acquired factors, including autoimmune reactions

Question 2

Explain type 2 diabetes

Answer 2

• Most common form of DM
• Usually require insulin to survive
• Aetiology is not clear, however, strong familial tendency to develop the disorder particularly when combined with lifestyle factors such as obesity

Question 3

What is the diagnostic criteria for T1?

Answer 3

• Develop rapidly and include hyperglycaemia; excessive thirst; frequent urination; excessive hunger, nausea and vomiting; weightloss; blurred vision
• May be acutely ill when diagnosed

Question 4

What is the diagnostic criteria for T2?

Answer 4

• May occur over years
• Hyperglycaemia, excessive thirst; frequent urination; excessive hunger; nausea and vomiting and blurred vision_
• Majority of people with T2DM are overweight or obese

Question 5

What is the medication management for T1?

Answer 5

• A combination of meal-time (rapid-acting) and background (long-acting) insulin
• A continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin

Question 6

What is the medication management for T2?

Answer 6

• Insulin-sensitising drugs

* Insulin-stimulating drugs

Question 7

What are the complications of diabetes?

Answer 7

• Hypoglycaemia
• Hyperglycaemia
• Micro-vascular – retinopathy and nephropathy
• Macro-vascular – coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebral vascular disease
• Neuropathy – autonomic and peripheral nervous system