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Top 200 Drugs > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Lantus generic

A

Insulin glargine

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2
Q

Indications for Lantus

A

Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus

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3
Q

Lantus AEs

A

Hypoglycemia, injection site reactions, weight gain, hypokalemia, lipodystrophy, retinopathy, and insulin shock

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4
Q

Lantus metabolism

A

hepatic and metabolic

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5
Q

Lantus interactions:

A

Alcohol, corticosteroids, thiazides, loop diuretics, oral contraceptives, beta blockers, ace inhibitors, ARBs

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6
Q

Lantus contraindications

A

hypoglycemic episodes

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7
Q

Lanuts Monitoring parameters

A

blood glucose, and A1C

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8
Q

How does Lantus interact with alcohol

A

Increases the risk of hypoglycemia mainly in fasting patients

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9
Q

How does Lantus interact with corticosteroids?

A

decreases hypoglycemic effects of Lantus

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10
Q

How does Lantus interact with thiazides and loop diuretics?

A

decreases hypoglycemic effects of Lantus

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11
Q

How does Lantus interact with oral contraceptives?

A

decreases hypoglycemic effects of Lantus

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12
Q

How does Lantus interact with Beta blockers?

A

Increases the duration of hypoglycemic episodes and inhibits the symptoms

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13
Q

How does Lantus interact with ACE inhibitors/ARBs?

A

increases hypoglycemic effects of insulin by improving insulin sensitivity

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14
Q

Brand names of Insulin Aspart?

A

Novolog and humalog

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15
Q

Indications of insulin aspart?

A

type I or type II diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

AEs of insulin aspart

A

Hypoglycemia, injection site reaction, weight gain, hypokalemia, lipodystrophy, retinopathy, and insulin shock

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17
Q

metabolism of insulin aspart

A

hepatic and renal

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18
Q

interactions with insulin aspart

A

alcohol, corticosteroids, thiazides, loop diuretics, oral contraceptives, beta blockers,

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19
Q

insulin aspart interaction with alcohol

A

increased risk of hypoglycemia especially in fasting patients

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20
Q

insulin aspart interaction with corticosteroids

A

decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin

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21
Q

insulin aspart interaction with thiazide and loop diuretics

A

decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin

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22
Q

insulin aspart interaction with oral contraceptives

A

decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin

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23
Q

insulin aspart interaction with beta blockers

A

increase the duration of hypoglycemic episodes and inhibit the symptoms

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24
Q

contraindications for insulin aspart

A

hypoglycemia

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25
Q

monitoring of insulin aspart

A

blood glucose and A1C

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26
Q

Brand name of sitagliptin

A

Januvia

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27
Q

Januvia class

A

Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor

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28
Q

Indications of Januvia

A

Type II diabetes mellitus

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29
Q

Dosage of Januvia

A

50 mg to 100 mg

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30
Q

AEs of Januvia

A

naso-pharyngitis, upper respiratory infection, peripheral edema, hypoglycemia renal failure

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31
Q

metabolism of Januvia

A

Renal (major) and hepatic

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32
Q

Interactions of Januvia

A

beta blockers, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, Thiazides, loop diuretics, cyclosporine, digoxin,

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33
Q

Januvia interaction with beta blockers

A

increase the duration of hypoglycemic episodes and inhibit the symptoms

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34
Q

Januvia interaction with ACE inhibitors / ARBs

A

increase the hypoglycemic effects of sitagliptin

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35
Q

Januvia interaction with Thiazides/loop diuretics

A

decrease the hypoglycemic effects of sitagliptin

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36
Q

Januvia interaction with cyclosporine

A

decrease the hypoglycemic effects of sitagliptin

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37
Q

Januvia interaction with digoxin

A

increase the AUC and Cmax of digoxin levels

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38
Q

contraindications of Januvia

A

angiodema

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39
Q

Monitoring for Januvia

A

blood glucose, A1C, serum creatinine/BUN, serum electrolytes, and serum lipase

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40
Q

Brand name of pioglitazone

A

Actos

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41
Q

Class of Actos

A

antidiabetic - thiazolidinediones

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42
Q

indications of Actos

A

type II diabetes mellitus

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43
Q

dosage range of Actos

A

15-45 mg orally daily

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44
Q

AEs of Actos

A

hypoglycemia, macular edema with visual impairment, weight gain and edema

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45
Q

metabolism of Actos

A

Hepatic (CYP 3A4, CYP 2C8)

46
Q

Interactions with Actos:

A

oral contraceptives, CYP 3A4 inhibitors, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, CYP 3A4 inducers

47
Q

Cyp 3A4 inhibitors

A

erythromycin, itraconazole, verapamil, grapefruit juice, nefazodone, protease inhibitors)

48
Q

CYP 3A4 inducers

A

phenytoin, st John’s Wort oxcarbazepine

49
Q

interaction of actos with oral contraceptives

A

decrease blood levels of the oral contraceptives

50
Q

interaction of actos with cyp 3a4 inhibitors

A

increase blood levels of actos

51
Q

interaction of actos with cyclosporine

A

increase hyperglycemia

52
Q

interaction of actos with tacrolimus

A

increase hyperglycemia

53
Q

interaction of actos with cyp 3A4 inducers

A

decrease blood levels of actos

54
Q

contraindications of actos

A

acute heart failure or heart failure

55
Q

monitoring parameters of Actos

A

blood glucose and LFTs

56
Q

Brand name of insulin detemit

A

Levemir

57
Q

Levemir indication

A

type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

58
Q

AEs of Levemir

A

hypoglycemia, weight gain, hypokalemia, lipohypertrophy, insulin resistance, peripheral edema, and abdominal pain

59
Q

metabolism of levemir

A

hepatic and renal

60
Q

interactions with levemir

A

alcohol, corticosteroids, thiazides, loop diuretics, oral contraceptives, beta blockers, ace inhibitors, ARBs,

61
Q

contraindications of levemir

A

hypoglemic episodes

62
Q

monitoring parameters of levemir

A

blood glucose and A1c

63
Q

Levemir interaction with alcohol

A

increase risk of hypoglycemia especially in fasting patients

64
Q

levemir interaction with corticosteroids

A

decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin detemir

65
Q

levemir interaction with thiazides and loop diuretics

A

decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin detemir

66
Q

levemir interaction with oral contraceptives

A

decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin detemir

67
Q

levemir interactions with beta blockers

A

increase of the duration of hypoglycemic episodes and inhibit the symptoms

68
Q

levemir interactions with ace inhibitors/ARBs

A

increase hypoglycemic effects of insulin by improving insulin sensitivity

69
Q

brand names of exenatide

A

byetta, bydureon

70
Q

exenatide class

A

insulin mimetics

71
Q

indications of exenatide

A

type II diabetes mellitus

72
Q

dosage range of exenatide

A

5-10 mcg subcutaneously twice a day, 2 mg subQ one weekly, within 60 minutes of a meal

73
Q

AEs of exenatide

A

hypoglycemia, nausea/vomiting. hyperhidrosis, headache, injection site reaction, antibody formation

74
Q

metabolism of exenatide

A

renal

75
Q

interactions of exenatide

A

estrogens/progesterones, thiazides, triamterene, ACE inhibitors, ARBs

76
Q

contraindications of exenatide

A

medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2), thyroid cancer

77
Q

monitoring of exenatide

A

blood glucose, A1C, serum creatinine and urinalysis

78
Q

interaction of exenatide with estrogens/progesterones

A

decrease hypoglycemic effect of exenatide

79
Q

interaction of exenatide with thiazides

A

decrease hypoglycemic effect of exenatide

80
Q

interaction of exenatide with triamterene

A

decrease hypoglycemic effect of exenatide

81
Q

interaction of exenatide with ACE inhibitors/ARBs

A

increase hypoglycemic effect of exenatide

82
Q

Brand name of metformin

A

glucophage

83
Q

metformin drug class

A

biguanide antidiabetic

84
Q

indication of metformin

A

type II diabetes mellitus

85
Q

Dosage range of metformin

A

500 mg oral twice daily or 850 mg orally once daily. doses > 2000 mg should be divided doses

86
Q

AEs of metformin

A

GI effects, vitamin B 12 deficiency, weight loss, lactic acidosis, and hypoglycemia (less likely)

87
Q

metabolism of metformin

A

renal

88
Q

interactions of metformin

A

furosemide, thiazide diuretics, triameterene, digoxin, amiloride, cimetidine, adefovir, trimethoprim, oral contraceptives

89
Q

contraindications to metformin

A

diabetic ketoacidosis, metabolic acidosis, radiographic contrast administration, renal failure

90
Q

monitoring of metformin

A

blood glucose, A1c, CBC, serum creatinine/BUN

91
Q

metformin interaction with furosemide

A

increase metformin plasma levels, hyperglycemia and glycosuria

92
Q

metformin interaction with thiazides

A

decrease hypoglycemia effects of metformin

93
Q

metformin interaction with digoxin

A

increase serum digoxin concentration

94
Q

metformin interaction with amiloride

A

increase risk of lactic acidosis

95
Q

metformin interaction with cimetidine

A

increase risk of lactic acidosis

96
Q

metformin interaction with adefovir

A

increase risk of lactic acidosis

97
Q

metformin interaction with trimethoprim

A

increase risk of lactic acidosis

98
Q

metformin interaction with oral contraceptives

A

decrease hypoglycemic effects of metformin

99
Q

metformin interaction with triameterene

A

decrease hypoglycemia effects of metformin

100
Q

Brand name of repaglinide

A

Prandin

101
Q

Prandin drug class

A

anti-diabetic Meglitinide derivative

102
Q

Prandin indications

A

type II diabetes mellitus

103
Q

Prandin initially dosing

A

nieve pts/ A1C > 8 : 0.5 mg before each meal

treated pts/ a1c < 8: 1-2mg before each meal

104
Q

Prandin dosing range

A

0.5-4 mg before meals. 2-4 times per day

105
Q

Contraindications to prandin

A

diabetic ketoacidosis, type I diabetes, concurrent gemfibrozil therapy

106
Q

Pregnancy category of prandin

A

C

107
Q

AEs of prandin

A

Headache, hypoglycemia, upper respiratory tract infection,

108
Q

Metabolism of prandin

A

hepatic: CYP2C8, CYP 3A4, SLCO1B1

109
Q

Monitoring of prandin

A

blood glucose, A1C,

110
Q

MOA of prandin

A

blocks ATP dependent calcium channels to calcium entry stimulating release of insulin from beta cells (glucose dependent relesse)

111
Q

Prandin drug interactions

A

Androgens, Atazanavir, Bosentan, Corticosteroids, cyclosporine, CYP 2C8 inducers/inhibitors, CYP 3A4 inducers/inhibitors, gemfibrozil, loop diuretics/thiazides, MAOIs, Macrolides, Rifampin, SSRIs, ST John’s Wort, Trimethoprim

Top 200 Drugs (1 decks)

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