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CPT > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

Rapid acting insulin?

A

Novorapid

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2
Q

Short acting insulin?

A

Humulin S

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3
Q

Intermediate acting insulin?

A

Humulin I

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4
Q

Long acting insulin?

A

Glargine

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5
Q

Method of administering insulin?

A

Subcutaneous injection

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6
Q

Metformin class

A

Biguanides

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7
Q

Metformin mechanism of action

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production by inhibiting gluconeogenesis

Supresses appetite (limits weight gain)

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8
Q

Metformin ADRs

A

GI upset - n,v,d

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9
Q

Metformin contraindications and DDIs

A

Low eGFR, because it is excreted unchanged by kidneys. If kidney function is poor then less excretion.

Do not give with ACEi, diuretics, NSAIDS (may impair renal function).
Loop and thiazide diuretics increase glucose so reduce Metformin action

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10
Q

Gliclazide class

A

Sulfonylureas

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11
Q

Gliclazide mechanism

A

Stimulates pancreatic b cell insulin secretion
Blocks ATP dependant K channels

So needs residual pancreatic function!

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12
Q

Gliclazide ADRs

A

Weight gain (anabolic effects of insulin)
GI upset
Hypoglycaemia

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13
Q

Gliclazide DDIs and contraindications

A

Do not give with other hypoglycaemic agents
Do not give with loop and thiazide diuretics as these increase glucose

Caution: hepatic and renal disease

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14
Q

Pioglitazone/rosiglitazone class

A

Glitazones

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15
Q

Pioglitazone mechanism

A

Insulin sensitisation in muscle and adipose
Decreases hepatic glucose output
Gene transcription

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16
Q

Pioglitazone ADRS

A

Not used frequently:)
Weight gain, there is fat cell differentiation.
GI upset
Fluid retention
Bladder cancer!

17
Q

Pioglitazone contras and DDIs

A

Do not give in heart failure (ADR is fluid retention)

Do not give with other hypoglycaemic agents. Can only do that with metformin

18
Q

Dapagliflozin/empagliflozin class

A

SGLT2 inhibitors (gliflozins)

19
Q

Dapagliflozin mechanism

A

Decreases glucose absorption from tubular filtrate (in PCT)
Increases urinary excretion

Competitive and reversible

20
Q

Dapagliflozin ADRs

A

UTIS, thirst and polyuria

Hypoglycaemic risk and weight loss risk is low yay

21
Q

Dapagliflozin contras and DDis

A

Do not give with antihypertensives and other hypoglycaemic agents

Can cause hypovolaemia due to urination

22
Q

What is GLP-1 and it’s actions

A

Incretin hormone.

Decreases gastric emptying
Increases insulin secretion
Decreases glucose production

23
Q

What class is sitagliptin/saxagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitors (dipeptidyl peptidase 4)

24
Q

Gliptin (DPP4 inhibitors) mechanism

A

Prevents incretin degradation
Postprandial action
Doesn’t stimulate insulin so lower hypoglycaemic risk

25
Q

Sitagliptin ADRS

A

GI upset
Pancreatitis risk

26
Q

Sitagliptin contras and DDIs

A

Avoid in pregnancy and history of pancreatitis

Do not give with other hypoglycaemic agents
Or with thiazide/loop diuretics as they increase glucose

27
Q

GLP 1 (glucagon like peptide) receptor agonist examples

A

Semaglutide
Exenatide

28
Q

Semaglutide (GLP1 receptor agonist) mechanism

A

Increases glucose dependant insulin secretion from, b pancreatic cells

Activates GLP1 receptors
Slows gastric emptying so decreases appetite

29
Q

Semaglutide administration?

A

Subcutaneous injection

Peptide hormone, would be degraded in stomach

30
Q

Semaglutide ADRs

A

GI upset
Weight loss due to decreased appetite

31
Q

Semaglutide contras and DDIs

A

Do not give if eGFR less than 30 (renal impairment, will not be excreted unchanged by kidneys)

Do not give with other hypoglycaemic agents

CPT (5 decks)

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