Diabetes

Question 1

Sulfonylurea

Answer 1

oral hypoglycemic agent

Increases insulin secretion from pancreas

Question 2

Metformin

Answer 2

Decreases glucose output from the liver and increases glucose utilization by muscle.

Question 3

Changes in lipid profile in Diabetes

Answer 3

Decreased activity of Lipoprotein lipase resulting in hypertriglyceridemia

Increased LDL and decreased HDL

Glycation of LDL

Question 4

AGEs

Answer 4

Advanced glycation end-products

Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins. Can cause neuropathy and contribute to atherosclerosis

Question 5

Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma

Answer 5

Characterized by:
Elevated blood glucose resulting in increased osmolarity of blood.

Intracellular dehydration leading to neurological deficits and coma

Question 6

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 6

Insulin deficiency results in uncontrolled Hormone sensitive lipase action.

Leads to increased beta-oxidation and formation of acetyl CoA

Increased acetyl CoA results in formation of ketone bodies and ketoacidosis.

-As a result bicarb levels fall due to buffering and respiration increases resulting in compensated metabolic acidosis

Question 7

Type I vs. Type II

Answer 7

Type I: Insulin deficiency. Hyperglycemia, Ketoacidosis,
-weight loss can occur due to increased lipolysis and proteolysis

Type II: Insulin resistance, Hyperglycemia,

• Ketoacidosis not usually seen due to high insulin levels. However can be present in later stages when insulin levels drop.
• Often apparent in obesity

Question 8

Presenting features of diabetes

Answer 8

Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Dehydration - dry skin
Decreased immunity - poor wound healing