DIABETES

Question 1

Definition of Diabetes

Answer 1

Diabetes is a chronic disorder of metabolism with serious consequences.
Two main types: Type 1 and Type 2

Question 2

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 2

8-10% of the population.
Characterized by deficient insulin production.
Requires daily insulin.

Question 3

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 3

90% of the population.
Involves ineffective use of insulin.
Also known as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent

Question 4

Insulin Function

Answer 4

Insulin receptors facilitate upregulation of glucose transporters.
Allows glucose into cells.
Regulates blood glucose levels.
Beta cells and islets of Langerhans essential in insulin production.
Induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue

Question 5

Symptoms of Diabetes

Answer 5

thirst (polydipsia).
Increased blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia).
Stomach pain and constant hunger.
Slow wound healing.
Excessive urination (polyuria).
Weight loss.
Fatigue/sleepiness.
Blurred vision.
Polyphagia (constant hunger).

Question 6

Tests to Diagnose Diabetes

Answer 6

Fasting glucose test.
Non-fasting.
Oral glucose tolerance test.
HbA1c test.
C-peptide test.

Question 7

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 7

Age.
Ethnicity.
Gender.
Family history

Question 7

insulin Resistance

Answer 7

Distinguishes Type 1 and Type 2.
Best tested with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.
Less insulin clears blood.
Liver less effective at suppressing hepatic glucose production

Question 8

Modifiable Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 8

lifestyle

Question 9

Managing Diabetes

Answer 9

Medication.
Access to insulin.
Blood glucose control.