Diabetes

Question 1

How has diabetes changed since 1980

Answer 1

Diabetes has doubled in percentage and continues to rise. (8.5%)
Approx 8% or the nation is diagnosed
It’s 10% of health care budget

Question 2

Prevalence and cost of diabetes in Canada

Answer 2

> 8% diagnosed, 20% population is pre-diabetic, expected to double in 20 years, 1/5 beds is diabetic, cost is 16B annually

Question 3

Why are people not contributing to diabetes?

Answer 3

Although it is the 3rd major cause of death, there are beliefs that people did it to themselves therefore don’t pay.

Question 4

Thrifty gene hypothesis on diabetes

Answer 4

Abdundant food in adulthood encourages the development of diabetes

Question 5

Drifty gene hypothesis on diabetes

Answer 5

Opposite to the thrifty gene theory, obesity stopped being a disadvantage

Question 6

unknown foods hypothesis

Answer 6

Obesity and diabetes occur because humans are introduced to new foods they have not adapted too

Question 7

Aggression control hypothesis

Answer 7

Occurred because humans now rely less on fighting and aggression to survive

Question 8

Explain the Land of Cockaigne

Answer 8

normal rules of society and nature are suspended and there is a land of abundance as well as social satire. Along side untouched tools indicating a lazy society

Question 9

The old Hindu tool for diagnosis of diabetes

Answer 9

Use of ants attraction to urine if it was sweet

Question 10

Matthew Dobson

Answer 10

First to describe hyperglycemia because of urine evaporation to a white cake

Question 11

Claude Bernard

Answer 11

Poisted that diabetes could have a pancreatic orgin after noticing atrophy or injury in post mortem

Question 12

Etenne Lancereaux

Answer 12

There is a difference between Mairgre and Gras

Question 13

Joseph von Mering and Oskar Minkowski

Answer 13

performed on dogs and realized pancreas was for sure it

Question 14

Frederick banting and charles best

Answer 14

first to discover insulin - reverse diabetes in dogs - first time a hormone was used as medicine

Question 15

Healthy: Glucose @ 2h mM and Fasting Glucose mM

Answer 15

G: <7.8 / 140
FG: <5.6 /100 or 6.1/ 110

Question 16

Impaired Fasting Glucose: Fasting Glucose mM (WHO, ADA)

Answer 16

WHO: >6.1 / 110

ADA > 5.6 / 100

Question 17

Glucose intolerance: Glucose @ 2h mM

Answer 17

> 7.8 / 140

Question 18

Diabetes: Glucose @ 2h mM and Fasting Glucose mM

Answer 18

G: >11.1 / 200

FG: >7.0 / 126

Question 19

How many diabetes test should you take to be clinically diagnosed

Answer 19

2

Question 20

HbA1c

Answer 20

half-life of 3 months
represents glycated hemoglobin /mirrors glucose levels
Influenced by conditions that affect RBC turnover

Question 21

If someones HbA1c is above __ they are diabetic

Answer 21

> 6.5 %

Question 22

T1D

Answer 22

<20 y/o, healthy weight, immunoreactivity, ketoacidosis

Autoimmune destruction of b-cell = total deficit in insulin

Question 23

T2D

Answer 23

> 30 y/o, associated with obesity

Insulin resistance and progressive deterioration of b-cells = relative deficit in insulin

Question 24

What is the “honeymoon phase” in T1D

Answer 24

The remission phase, after diagnosis where the pancreases continues to produce some insulin = improved Blood sugar,