Diabetes Flashcards
What is Diabetes
It causes blood sugars (Glucose) level to become too high.
Causes:
Insulin- hormone (produced in the Pancreas) - control blood sugars
Process:
Food is digested- glucose enters the blood stream
Insulin moves glucose out of the blood into the cells
Glucose is broken down to produce energy
Types of Diabetes:
Type I - insulin low - glucose high- medication only
Type II - Not enough insulin- lifestyle/medication
Type I Diabetes
A lifelong condition where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin
(No insulin produced)
Type II Diabetes
Body does not produce enough insulin, or the body’s cells do not react to insulin properly
Treatment:
1) Diet/Lifestyle
2) Oral medication
3) Insulin
Pre-diabetes (non-diabetic hyperglycaemia)
Blood Sugars above normal range, but not high enough to be diagnosed as having diabetes.
Diabetes Prevention & Symptoms
Prevention: 1) Yearly Test
2) Early diagnosis
3) Lifestyle changes
Symptoms: 1) Thirst
2) Urinating more (night)
3) Feeling tired
4) Weight loss
5) Regular thrush
Hypoglycaemia
Too much insulin - low blood sugar
Symptoms:
Dizziness
Depressed mood
Drowsiness
Fatigue
Headache
Hunger
Inability to concentrate
Irritability
Hyperglycaemia
Sugar level is too high- low insulin
Symptoms:
Thirst
Tiredness
Management:
Diet
Stress
Glycaemic Targets in CKD
Type I- 58-62 mmol/mol (7.5-7.8%) CKD stage 3 & 4
Type II- 52-58mmol/mol (6.9-7.5 %)- CKD stage 3& 4
with GLP-1 and SGLT-2 i
Without insulin
Diabetes in Vascular
Vascular Disease:
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Stroke
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes and Acute Complications
1) Hypoglycaemia- Blood glucose <4mmol/l
2) Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Blood Glucose > 11mmol/L
Ketones > 3mmol/L
Urine Ketones 4+
Venous PH <7.3
Bicarbonate <15mmol/L
