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Medsurg Exam 3 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

normal glucose range

A

70-100

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2
Q

characteristics of type 1 diabetes

A

5-10%
Type 1avs. Type1b
Common in children and young adults.
Characterized bya destruction of beta cells

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3
Q

characteristics of diabetes

A

1 in 5
Cells in the body are not responding to insulin.
Glucose levelsare elevatedbut not enough todiagnoseDM2.

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4
Q

risk factors for prediabetes

A

Previous history of hyperglycemia
Family history
Obesity

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5
Q

characteristics of type 2 diabetes

A

90-95%%
Gradual onset
Risk Factors: HTN, obesity, family hx, cholesterol
Patho:
-Insulin resistance
-Impaired secretion

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6
Q

diagnostics for diabetes

A

Hemoglobin A1C level: 6.5% or higher
Fasting plasma glucose level: higher than 126 mg/dL
Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia with random plasmaglucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher
Prediabetes= FPG 100-125 mg/dL

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7
Q

clinical manifestations for hyperglycemia

A

3 “P’s” (polyuria,polydipsia,polyphagia)
Fatigue
Weight loss
Recurrent infection
Prolonged wound healing
Visual changes
Numbness or tingling in hands or feet

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8
Q

acute complications of diabetes

A

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA
hypoglycemia

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9
Q

goals for nutritional management of diabetes

A

Glucose, blood pressure, and lipid control.
Weight loss

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10
Q

carbs management for DM

A

Minimum of 130 g/day
Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, low-fat dairy
All benefit from including dietary fiber

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11
Q

fats management for DM

A

Limit saturated fats to < 7% of total calories
Limit cholesterol to < 200 mg/day
Minimize trans fat
Healthy fats come from plants
-Olives, nuts, avocados

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12
Q

protein management for DM

A

Should make up 15% to 20% of total calories
High-protein diets not recommended

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13
Q

exercise management for DM

A

Improves insulin utilization
Lower cholesterol
Decrease risk for cardiovascular disease

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14
Q

risks from exercise with DM

A

Hypoglycemia
Neuropathy
Hypertension

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15
Q

self monitoring of glucose

A

Finger stick
Continuous Monitoring System
Urine Dipstick

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16
Q

when to test glucose

A

Before meals
Two hours after meals
When hypoglycemia is suspected
During illness
Before, during, and after exercise

17
Q

Insulin from an outside source
Required for type 1 diabetes
Prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes who cannot manageblood glucose levels by other means

A

exogenous insulin

18
Q

medication management of DM

A

educate
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Pump
-Basal and Bolus
Oral agents

19
Q

complications of continuous subq insulin infusion pump

A

disruption
hypoglycemia

20
Q

oral agents for DM

A

Work on 3 defects of type 2 diabetes
-Insulin resistance
-Decreased insulin production
-Increased hepatic glucose production
Can be used in combination

21
Q

hypoglycemia

A

Too much insulin in proportion to glucose in the blood
Blood glucose level < 70 mg/dL

22
Q

causes of hypoglycemia

A

Too much insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents
Too little food
Delaying time of eating
Too much exercise

23
Q

clinical manifestations fo hypoglycemia

A

SNS= increase epinephrine and norepinephrine
Decreased energy for brain cells= impairedCNS
-Patient may appear to have stroke like symptoms
Severe:
-Loss of consciousness
-Difficulty arousing
-Disoriented behavior
-Seizures

24
Q

management of hypoglycemia: rule of 15

A

Consume 15 g of a simple carbohydrate
-Fruit juice or regular soft drink, 4 to 6 oz
Recheck glucose level in 15 minutes
-Repeat if still < 70 gm/dL
Avoid foods with fat
-Decrease absorption of sugar
Avoid overtreatment
Give complex CHO after recovery

25
Q

management of hypoglycemia in acute care settings

A

Fifty percent dextrose 20 to 50 mL IV push
Patient not alert enough to swallow
Glucagon 1 mg IM or subcutaneously
Explore reason why occurred

26
Q

chronic macrovascular complications of DM

A

Coronary artery disease
Cerebrovascular disease
PVD

27
Q

management of macrovascular complications

A

Decreasing risk factors
ACE inhibitors and ARBs
Antilipidemic medications
ASA

28
Q

microvascular diseases

A

Retinopathy
Neuropathy
Nephropathy

29
Q

complications of DM

A

Diabetic foot ulcer
Delayed wound healing

30
Q

assessment of patient with diabetes

A

Health History
Social History
Nutritional assessment
Medication reconciliation
Diabetes self-care and regimen
Socioeconomic
Skin assessment
Neuromuscular assessment
GI assessment
BP

31
Q

nursing diagnoses of diabetes

A

Imbalanced nutrition
Risk for impaired skin integrity
Knowledge deficit

32
Q

planning and goals for client with diabetes

A

Improving nutritional status
Maintain skin integrity
Perform diabetes self-care
Preventative care

33
Q

interventions for diabetes

A

Improve nutritional status
Skin care
Improve knowledge deficit
Monitoring and manage potential complications
Continuing care

34
Q

evaluation of diabetes

A

Glucose control
Skin integrity
Understanding of treatment modalities
Proper foot care
Control of risk factors

Medsurg Exam 3 (4 decks)

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