Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurs 711 Pharmacology > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is different in the two treatment methods between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

A

Insulin is required for type 1
Type 2 patients will start with oral meds and may eventually need insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is diabetes monitored?

A

Fasting blood glucose levels
HbA1c
Continuous glucose monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the goal levels for an HbA1c?

A

Goal is <7% but <8% if hypos or limited life expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the goal for continous glucose monitoring?

A

Time in range (TIR) goal is <70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

All insulins carry some form of?
Which ones carry a higher risk?

A

hypoglycemia
The short acting forms have a higher risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insulin:
What are the onset, peak, and duration of insulin lispro?

A

Onset: 15-30 minutes
Peak: 0.5-2.5 hrs
Duration: 3-6hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Insulin:
What are the onset, peak, and duration of regular insulin?

A

Onset: 30-60min
Peak: 1-5hr
Duration: 6-10hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Insulin:
What are the onset, peak, and duration of NPH insulin?

A

Onset: 60-120 min
Peak: 6-14 hr
Duration: 16-24 hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Insulin:
What are the onset, peak, and duration of insulin glargine (100)?

A

Onset: 70 min
Peak: none
Duration: 18-24hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Insulin:
What are the onset, peak, and duration of insulin detemir?

A

Onset: 60-120 min
Peak: none
Duration: 12-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Insulin:
What are the onset, peak, and duration of insulin glargine (300)?

A

Onset: 360 min
Peak: none
Duration: >24hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Insulin:
What are the onset, peak, and duration of degludec?

A

Onset: 30-90 min
Peak: none
Duration: >24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What concentrations is insulin lispro come in?

A

U-100 and U-300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is insulin lispro administered?

A

Only subQ, never IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the only insulin given IV?

A

Regular insulin U-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Regular insulin U-500 comes in only what form?

A

Only in pen form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which insulin has a cloudy suspension?

A

NPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When combining NPH with another insulin, what is the protocol?

A

Clear before cloudy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How often is NPH given?

A

Twice per day

20
Q

What are the best insulins for basal control?

A

Insulin glargine 100
Insuline levimir

21
Q

What is the main difference between insulin glargine 300 and insulin degludec?

A

Glargine 300 U-300 comes in prefilled pens
Degludec comes in U-100 or U-200 prefilled pens

22
Q

Which site of administration is the fastest for insulin delivery?

A

Abdomen is fastest
Thigh is slowest

23
Q

What is the ‘magic’ number for glucose levels?

A

70

24
Q

A rapid fall in blood sugar would exhibit what symptoms?

A

Increased HR, Sweating, Shakiness

25
Q

A slow fall in blood sugar would exhibit what symptoms?

A

HA, confusion, fatigue, drowsniess

26
Q

What medication is the first line therapy for type 2 diabetes?

A

Biguanide (Metformin)

27
Q

What other illnesses is biguanide (metformin) also given for?

A

Pre-diabetes and PCOS

28
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of biganide (Metformin)?

A

Inhibits glucose production in liver
Increases insulin sensitivity in tissues
Lowers blood glucose (but does NOT cause hypoglycemia)

29
Q

What are the adverse effects biganide (Metformin)?

A

GI effects (take with food)
B12 deficiency (monitor level)
Toxicity: Lactic acidosis so no alcohol
Excreted by kidneys (so watch for renal impairment)

30
Q

What is the oldest class of oral anti-hypoglycemics?

A

Sulfonylurea: Glipizide

31
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Sulfonylurea: Glipizide

A

Stimulates insulin secretion in pancreas
Increases insulin sensitivity

32
Q

What are the adverse effects of Sulfonylurea: Glipizide?

A

Hypoglycemia

No alcohol

Beta blockers

33
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Thiazolidiediones/Glitazones/TZDs: Pioglitazone?

A

Increases insulin sensitivity in tissues
Inhibits glucose production
Half life is 16-24 hrs
Metabolized by CYP enzyme

34
Q

What are the adverse effects/contraindications for Thiazolidiediones/Glitazones/TZDs: Pioglitazone?

A

Fluid retention (don’t use in heart failure patients)
Drug interactions with CYP inducers/CYP inhibitors
Risk of bladder cancer
Risk of fractures in women
Possibly hepatotoxic

35
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Arcarbose?

A

Delays carb absorption
Eat with meals 3x per day

36
Q

What are the adverse effects/contraindications for Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Arcarbose?

A

Frequent GI distress
Decreased iron absorption
Possible liver dysfunction

37
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin?

A

Enhances incretin hormones
Stimulates insulin secretion in pancreas

38
Q

What are the adverse effects of DPP-4s such as Sitagliptin?

A

Pancreatitis

39
Q

What are the pharmcokinetics of Sodium Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors like canagliflozin

A

Inhibits SGLT-2 in kidneys
Decreases reabsorption of glucose
Increases urinary glucose excretion
Glucosuria->Caloric loss->Modest weight loss
Half life of 12 hrs
Shown to prevent cardiovascular events

40
Q

What are the adverse effects/contraindications of (SGLT-2) canaglifozin?

A

Increased urination can lead to dehydration
UTI’s/fungal infections/genital necrotizing infections

41
Q

What are the two different subtypes of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)?

A

Short acting exenatide Byetta: 1-2x per day
Long acting exenatide Bydureon: 1x per week

42
Q

Which drug is a non insulin injectable?

A

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) also known as ozempic

43
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)?

A

Mimics incretin hormone:
-stimulates insulin secretion
-supresses post-prandial release of glucagon
-slows gastric emptying
-Supresses appetite

44
Q

What are the adverse effects of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)?

A

GI Effects
Hypoglycemia (when given with sulfaonylurea)
Pancreatitis (rare)
Renal impairment (rare)

45
Q

What is the treatment for Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

A

Replace fluids
Slow adjustment of plasma glucose
Fix Potassium issues
Adminster sodium bicarb

46
Q

What is the treatment of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic (nonketotic state)

A

Replace fluids
Slow Adjustment of plasma glucose
Fix potassium issues

(Difference is just not giving sodium bicarb)

Nurs 711 Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions