Diabetes Flashcards
A 45-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is noticing an increase in her basal insulin dose needed to achieve the same effect. This is likely because of
A - increased insulin secretion.
B - insulin resistance in target tissues.
C - improper formulation of her insulin.
D - increased glucagon secretion.
E - increased consumption of carbohydrates.
B - insulin resistance in target tissues.
A 69-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is hospitalized because of a knee replacement. His blood sugar postsurgery is 215 mg/dL. His hyperglycemia is best managed in the hospital by
A - increasing his metformin dose.
B - increasing his sulfonylurea dose.
C - adding a GLP-1 agent.
D - decreasing his food intake.
E - subcutaneous or intravenous insulin.
E - subcutaneous or intravenous insulin.
A 56-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is being treated with metformin and glimepiride. These two drugs act synergistically because glimepiride
A - decreases the clearance of metformin.
B - acts to increase glycogen stores in the liver.
C - stimulates insulin release by binding to a specific site on β cells.
D - increases the activity of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK).
E - decreases glucose reabsorption in the kidney.
C - stimulates insulin release by binding to a specific site on β cells.
In the patient in Question 30-3, the metformin and glimepiride act synergistically because metformin
A - decreases the clearance of glimepiride.
B - acts to decrease glycogen stores in the liver.
C - stimulates insulin release by binding to a specific site on β cells.
D - increases the activity of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK).
E - decreases glucose reabsorption in the kidney.
D - increases the activity of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK).
A 48-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is treated with glargine insulin once daily and lispro insulin with each meal. The main clinical difference in these 2 types of insulin is in their
A - effective duration of action.
B - the way they are administered.
C - storage.
D - metabolism by the liver.
E - penetration into the central nervous system.
A - effective duration of action.
The patient in Question 30-3 has developed onychomycosis and she is now being treated with fluconazole. She is at increased risk of hypoglycemia because fluconazole can
A - decrease the hepatic metabolism of metformin.
B - decrease the hepatic metabolism of glimepiride.
C - increase glucose uptake by skeletal muscle.
D - inhibit insulin secretion.
E - inhibit the action of glucagon.
B - decrease the hepatic metabolism of glimepiride.
A patient takes nateglinide before each meal. Which
mechanism is responsible for the therapeutic effect of
this drug?
(A) closing of potassium channels
(B) slowed gastric emptying
(C) inhibition of α-glucosidase
(D) inhibition of DPP-4
(E) insertion of glucose transporters in cell membranes
(A) closing of potassium channels
A patient with type 1 diabetes injects pramlintide at
mealtimes. Which adverse effect may result from this
drug?
(A) increased appetite
(B) nausea and anorexia
(C) flatulence and bloating
(D) weight gain
(E) increased risk of heart failure
(B) nausea and anorexia
A diabetic patient takes pioglitazone. Which effect is
produced by this drug?
(A) increased insulin secretion
(B) lowered HDL cholesterol levels
(C) increased serum triglyceride levels
(D) insertion of glucose transporters in cell membranes
(E) weight loss
(D) insertion of glucose transporters in cell membranes
Which of the following phrases correctly describes
insulin glargine?
(A) it is injected at mealtimes
(B) proline and lysine are transposed in the B chain
(C) aspartate is substituted for proline in the B chain
(D) it is slowly absorbed over 24 hours
(E) it is administered by inhalation
(D) it is slowly absorbed over 24 hours
A type 2 diabetic patient is prescribed metformin.
Which adverse effect often occurs when taking this
drug?
(A) heart failure
(B) weight gain
(C) diarrhea
(D) lactic acidosis
(E) hypoglycemia
(C) diarrhea
