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Exam 3 Endocrine 219 > DIabetes > Flashcards

DIabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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2
Q

What does increased glucose levels cause?

A

It will cause the pancreas to secrete more insulin

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

A

Weight loss
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Poor wound healing
Visual disturbances

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4
Q

What state will a patient be in without insulin?

A

Ketoacidosis (DKA)

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5
Q

What is ketosis?

A

When boys doesn’t have enough carbs for energy so it starts breaking down fats which lead to ketones

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6
Q

What does type 2 diabetes patients not have?

A

Ketosis
They have enough carbs

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7
Q

What is the fasting blood glucose levels?

A

Pre: 100-125
Diabetic: Greater than 126

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8
Q

What are the 2 hour plasma glucose OGTT levels?

A

Pre: 140-199
Diabetic: greater than 200

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9
Q

What is the casual glucose level?

A

Diabetes: greater than 200

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10
Q

What is the glycosylated hemoglobin levels (A1C)

A

Pre: 5.7%-6.4%
Diabetes: Greater than 6.5%

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11
Q

What can cause inaccurate glucose readings?

A

Restrictive carbs
Illness
Contraceptives and corticosteroids
Bed rest

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12
Q

How many grams of carbs should a patient with diabetes have?

A

Women? 45-60
Men? 60-75

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13
Q

When should you test for urine ketones?

A

Type 1 diabetes
If bs is greater than 249

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14
Q

When should a rapid insulin med be given?

A

AC 10-15 min

MAKE SURE FOOD IS IN FRONT OF THEM

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15
Q

What is the peak and duration for rapid insulin meds?

A

60-90min
3-5 hours

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16
Q

What are the rapid insulin meds?

A

Humalog
Novalog
Apidra

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17
Q

What is the onset of a rapid insulin med?

A

Less than 15 min

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18
Q

When should short insulin meds be given?

A

20-30 min AC
MAKE SURE PT HAS ORDERED THEIR FOOD

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19
Q

What is the peak and duration for short insulin meds?

A

2-5 hours
6-8 hours

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20
Q

What are the short insulin meds?

A

Regular
Humulin
Novolin

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21
Q

What is the onset for short insulin meds?

A

30-60 min

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22
Q

When is intermediate insulin meds given?

A

Twice daily

23
Q

What is the peak and duration of intermediate insulin meds?

A

4-12 hours
18-24 hours

24
Q

What are the intermediate insulin meds?

A

NPH
Lente

25
Q

What is the onset of intermediate insulin meds?

A

1-2 hours

26
Q

When is long insulin meds given and why?

A

Normally at night because it last for 24 hours

27
Q

What are the long insulin meds?

A

Lantus
Levemir
Ultralente

28
Q

What is the onset of long insulin meds?

A

1-2 hours

29
Q

What 2 things are low in DKA?

A

PH
Bicarbonate

30
Q

What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) also known as?

A

Hyperglycemia

31
Q

What does a pt have with DKA?

A

Metabolic acidosis

32
Q

Why is D5W given to a patient with DKA?

A

It prevents a rapid drop in BS

33
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of DKA?

A

Polyuria
Dehydration
And pain
Kussmauls respirations

34
Q

What is found in the urine and the blood of a pt with DKA?

A

Ketones

35
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of HHS?

A

Resembles a stroke
Weakness of one side

36
Q

What does HHS not have?

A

Ketones in urine
Metabolic acidosis

37
Q

What do you monitor for with DKA and HHS?

A

Hypokalemia

38
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A

TIRED
Tachycardia
Irritability
Restless
Excessive hunger
Diaphoresis

Cold and clammy need some candy

39
Q

What insulin is more likely to cause hypoglycemia?

A

Short insulin

40
Q

What is pseudo-hypoglycemia?

A

Hypoglycemia symptoms but with a high bs

41
Q

What does PAD cause?

A

Lack of blood flow oxygen and nutrients

42
Q

What can autonomic neuropathy lead to?

A

Hypoglycemic unawareness
Incontinence
Urinary retention
Gastropereis

43
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

Loss of sensation
Paresthesia
Burning cramping tingling and itching

44
Q

What is bolus insulin?

A

Rapid or short acting
Given at meals

45
Q

What is basal insulin?

A

Long acting insulin

46
Q

What are insulin pumps?

A

Rapid acting insulin

47
Q

What do you do for the somogyi effect?

A

Eat a bedtime snack
Reduce insulin

48
Q

What do you do for the dawn phenomenon?

A

Avoid carbs at bedtime
Increase nighttime insulin

49
Q

What are the macro vascular complications of diabetes?

A

Coronary artery disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease

50
Q

What labs will the nurse take for long term complications of diabetes?

A

Cholesterol and lipid panel
BP
HDL and LDL

51
Q

What is osmotic diuresis?

A

Increased urination to decrease ketones and sugar

52
Q

What is a common reaction to a glucagon injection?

A

N/V
ROLL PT ON THEIR SIDE

53
Q

What electrolyte will insulin decrease?

A

Potassium

54
Q

What causes a drop in BS?

A

To much insulin
Excess activity
To little food

Exam 3 Endocrine 219 (2 decks)

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