DIabetes

Question 1

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 1

Insulin and glucagon

Question 2

What does increased glucose levels cause?

Answer 2

It will cause the pancreas to secrete more insulin

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 3

Weight loss
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Poor wound healing
Visual disturbances

Question 4

What state will a patient be in without insulin?

Answer 4

Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 5

What is ketosis?

Answer 5

When boys doesn’t have enough carbs for energy so it starts breaking down fats which lead to ketones

Question 6

What does type 2 diabetes patients not have?

Answer 6

Ketosis
They have enough carbs

Question 7

What is the fasting blood glucose levels?

Answer 7

Pre: 100-125
Diabetic: Greater than 126

Question 8

What are the 2 hour plasma glucose OGTT levels?

Answer 8

Pre: 140-199
Diabetic: greater than 200

Question 9

What is the casual glucose level?

Answer 9

Diabetes: greater than 200

Question 10

What is the glycosylated hemoglobin levels (A1C)

Answer 10

Pre: 5.7%-6.4%
Diabetes: Greater than 6.5%

Question 11

What can cause inaccurate glucose readings?

Answer 11

Restrictive carbs
Illness
Contraceptives and corticosteroids
Bed rest

Question 12

How many grams of carbs should a patient with diabetes have?

Answer 12

Women? 45-60
Men? 60-75

Question 13

When should you test for urine ketones?

Answer 13

Type 1 diabetes
If bs is greater than 249

Question 14

When should a rapid insulin med be given?

Answer 14

AC 10-15 min

MAKE SURE FOOD IS IN FRONT OF THEM

Question 15

What is the peak and duration for rapid insulin meds?

Answer 15

60-90min
3-5 hours

Question 16

What are the rapid insulin meds?

Answer 16

Humalog
Novalog
Apidra

Question 17

What is the onset of a rapid insulin med?

Answer 17

Less than 15 min

Question 18

When should short insulin meds be given?

Answer 18

20-30 min AC
MAKE SURE PT HAS ORDERED THEIR FOOD

Question 19

What is the peak and duration for short insulin meds?

Answer 19

2-5 hours
6-8 hours

Question 20

What are the short insulin meds?

Answer 20

Regular
Humulin
Novolin

Question 21

What is the onset for short insulin meds?

Answer 21

30-60 min

Question 22

When is intermediate insulin meds given?

Answer 22

Twice daily

Question 23

What is the peak and duration of intermediate insulin meds?

Answer 23

4-12 hours
18-24 hours

Question 24

What are the intermediate insulin meds?

Answer 24

NPH
Lente

Question 25

What is the onset of intermediate insulin meds?

Answer 25

1-2 hours

Question 26

When is long insulin meds given and why?

Answer 26

Normally at night because it last for 24 hours

Question 27

What are the long insulin meds?

Answer 27

Lantus Levemir Ultralente

Question 28

What is the onset of long insulin meds?

Answer 28

1-2 hours

Question 29

What 2 things are low in DKA?

Answer 29

PH Bicarbonate

Question 30

What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) also known as?

Answer 30

Hyperglycemia

Question 31

What does a pt have with DKA?

Answer 31

Metabolic acidosis

Question 32

Why is D5W given to a patient with DKA?

Answer 32

It prevents a rapid drop in BS

Question 33

What are the signs and symptoms of DKA?

Answer 33

Polyuria Dehydration And pain Kussmauls respirations

Question 34

What is found in the urine and the blood of a pt with DKA?

Answer 34

Ketones

Question 35

What are the signs and symptoms of HHS?

Answer 35

Resembles a stroke Weakness of one side

Question 36

What does HHS not have?

Answer 36

Ketones in urine Metabolic acidosis

Question 37

What do you monitor for with DKA and HHS?

Answer 37

Hypokalemia

Question 38

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 38

TIRED Tachycardia Irritability Restless Excessive hunger Diaphoresis Cold and clammy need some candy

Question 39

What insulin is more likely to cause hypoglycemia?

Answer 39

Short insulin

Question 40

What is pseudo-hypoglycemia?

Answer 40

Hypoglycemia symptoms but with a high bs

Question 41

What does PAD cause?

Answer 41

Lack of blood flow oxygen and nutrients

Question 42

What can autonomic neuropathy lead to?

Answer 42

Hypoglycemic unawareness Incontinence Urinary retention Gastropereis

Question 43

What is peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 43

Loss of sensation Paresthesia Burning cramping tingling and itching

Question 44

What is bolus insulin?

Answer 44

Rapid or short acting Given at meals

Question 45

What is basal insulin?

Answer 45

Long acting insulin

Question 46

What are insulin pumps?

Answer 46

Rapid acting insulin

Question 47

What do you do for the somogyi effect?

Answer 47

Eat a bedtime snack Reduce insulin

Question 48

What do you do for the dawn phenomenon?

Answer 48

Avoid carbs at bedtime Increase nighttime insulin

Question 49

What are the macro vascular complications of diabetes?

Answer 49

Coronary artery disease Cerebrovascular disease Peripheral vascular disease

Question 50

What labs will the nurse take for long term complications of diabetes?

Answer 50

Cholesterol and lipid panel BP HDL and LDL

Question 51

What is osmotic diuresis?

Answer 51

Increased urination to decrease ketones and sugar

Question 52

What is a common reaction to a glucagon injection?

Answer 52

N/V ROLL PT ON THEIR SIDE

Question 53

What electrolyte will insulin decrease?

Answer 53

Potassium

Question 54

What causes a drop in BS?

Answer 54

To much insulin Excess activity To little food