Diabetes Flashcards
State three risk factors of diabetes
Hereditary, Diet, Obesity
How many types are there
Two
List the types and the name
Type 1-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Type 2-Non-insulin dependent
What type occurs in young patients
Type 1
Type 2 occurs in which group of people
Middle-aged or elderly
What is hyperglycemia
Increase in Blood sugar levels
True /False- patients who are often obese do not need insulin. State why
True, they use oral meds
Signs & symptoms
Polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia, weight loss in spite of increased appetite.
Persistent tiredness/weakness
Blurring of vision
Complications include
Coma Nerve damage Kidney damage Infection Blindness
What is necrosis
The localized death of cells or tissues through injury, disease, or the interruption of blood supply.
What Is gangrene
The necrosis or rotting of flesh, usually caused by lack of blood supply.
If gangrene sets in, we may have to amputate the foot.
Two ways in which coma may occur
- Over-medication/overdose or
2. insufficient or no medication
What are cataracts?
Clouding of the lens
What is glaucoma?
Increased pressure within the eye ball.
At what time should insulin be given?
1/2 hour before meal
Effects of hypoglycemia
Fatigue, hunger, headache
Effects of hyperglycaemia
Fruity-smelling breath; Dry mouth; Excessive hunger, thirst
List some oral meds
Metformin , diamicron, chlorproamide
How do you administer insulin, where is it placed?
Injection under the skin
Insulin can be taken by mouth, true or false
False
Two common types of insulin
Soluble insulin
Lente insulin
Soluble insulin description
Clear solution
Lente insulin
Cloudy suspension
Storage of insulin. If not , what happens
Cool place, spoilage occurs if not
When Lente insulin spoils how does it look
Forms white clumps which stick inside of the container leaving a clear liquid
When soluble insulin spoils how does it look
Becomes cloudy
Which insulin bottle do you rotate to avoid air bubbles forming? Why?
Lente insulin, to ensure even distribution
Humor means
Amusing
Invert means
Upside down or inside out
Describe how you administer insulin.
Rotates bottle of insulin gently to avoid air bubbles forming, lenti insulin only this ensures that the insulin is evenly distributed. Use alcohol swab to clean Rubber seal. Insert insulin needle and invert bottle. Should slowly withdraw required amount of insulin. If bubbles are seen push insulin back into the bottle and withdraw again. Prepare the site for injection by cleaning skin with a sterile alcohol swab. Insert needle into skin so that syringe is perpendicular to skin surface. Pull back on plunger of syringe. If blood enters the syringe with your needle and choose another site for injection. If nobody seen, then inject insulin quickly and remove needle.
Things used to man insulin
Pork, beef, human
Allergy to insulin include
Headache /dizziness/itching/rash
What must you do if hypoglycemic is suspected
Give a sweet drink or candy
How do we monitor diabtes
Urine and blood testing
Orthopedic means
The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of disorders of the bones and associated muscles and joints
Podiatrist means
(medicine) A health care practitioner who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of foot ailments.
Which method of diabetes testing is best for pregnancy
Blood testing is more accurate
Complacent means
Self-satisfied
The 4 P’s of diabetes
Polyuria
Polyphasia
Pruritus
Polydipsia
Vivid
producing powerful feelings or strong, clear images in the mind.
“memories of that evening were still vivid”
