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DI II Final > DI II Final > Flashcards

DI II Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are characteristics of senile/generalized osteoporosis?

A
  • increased radiolucency
  • cortical thinning
  • white endplates
  • schmorls nodes
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2
Q

What are characteristics of regional osteoporosis?

A
  • due to immobilization, dystrophy
  • acute and painful
  • osseous hyperemia
  • patchy
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3
Q

Localized osteoporosis?

A

due to infection, inflammatory arthritis, neoplasm

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4
Q

Most common cause of osteoporosis?

A

age

- lack of estrogen

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5
Q

Imaging modality for osteoporosis?

A

DEXA scan

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6
Q

What causes rickets and osteomalacia?

A

vit D deficiency
malabsorption
too much Calciu, phosphorus,

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7
Q

Radiographic features of rickets?

A
  • Bowing: generalized osteopenia
  • wide growth plates
  • rachitic rosary
  • frayed paintbrush ends
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8
Q

What causes fish shaped vertebrae?

A

Cushings

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9
Q

radiographic findings of scurvy?

A
  • white line of frankel

- Pelken spurs

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10
Q

radiographic features of hyperperathyroid

A

subperiosteal resorption
salt and pepper resorption of skull
osteopenia of hand
rugger jersey spin

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11
Q

face, foot, skull changes with acromegaly?

A 
face: prominent forehead
sinus overgrowth
skull: sell trusica enlargement
malocclusion
foot: heel pad greater than 20 mm
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12
Q

The H-shaped vertebrae is classically seen in what condition?

A

sickle cell anemia

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13
Q

Complications to skeleton secondary to sickly cell anemia?

A

osteoporosis
large vascular channels
medullary infarcts

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14
Q

which anemia results in honeycombed trabecular patterns?

A

thalessemia

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15
Q

hemophilic arthropathy occurs in which joints?

A

knee, ankle, elbow

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16
Q

What is DDX of hemophilic arthropathy?

A

RA

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17
Q

What is most common form of osteoblastic metastatic carcinoma in adult females?

A

Breast CA

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18
Q

List 3 common causes of solitary sclerotic vertebral body?

A
  1. hodgkins lymphoma
  2. osteoblastic metastatic (most common)
  3. paget’s disease
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19
Q

Is it common to find a tumor involving a joint?

A

No, think arthritic disease before tumor

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20
Q

Is multibple myeloma more common in vertebral body or neural arch?

A

Vertebral body

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21
Q

What malignancy demonstrates a cold bone scan?

A

multiple myeloma

  • cold bone scan = normal
  • differentiate MM from mets
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22
Q

Which is most dense primary malignant bone tumor?

A

Multiple Myeloma

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23
Q

What is common age range of primary osteosarcoma?

A

10-25

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24
Q

Where do you see sunburst lesions?

A

skull hemangiomas
osteosarcoma
lytic with striations
bad

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25
Q

where do you see onion skin appearance?

A

Ewing’s tumor
layering
more aggressive process
in bening and malignant

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26
Q

What part of bone is involved in osteosarcoma?

A

metaphysics of long bone

- distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus

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27
Q

What is codman’s triangle

A

triangle of layers of periosteal reaction form at margin of lesion

  • area formed under growth of tumor
  • not a good place to biopsy because benign area
  • in bone sarcomas and osteomyelitis
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28
Q

Why is Ewing’s sarcoma commonly found in diaphysis of long bone?

A

arises from bone marrow which is in diaphysis

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29
Q

What is geographic appearance?

A

confined to specific area

usually benign

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30
Q

which condition presents with solitary exostosis that points away from nearest joint?

A

osteochondroma

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31
Q

What is radiographic difference in appearance between osteochondroma and benign solitary expansile osteolysis?

A

osteochondroma: bony exostosis
- away from joint
- pedunculated or sessile

benign solitary expansile: large

  • lytic and separated
  • thin cortex
  • only tumor to cross growthplate
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32
Q

compare incidence of osteochondroma and hereditary multiple exostosis

A

osteochondroma: 1% malignant trans
HME: 20% malig trans

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33
Q

What is corduroy vertebra?

A

lytic lesion with coarse vertical striations

in hemangiomas

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34
Q

Spinal hemangioma soitary or polyostotic?

A

solitary

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35
Q

which is most common benign bone tumor of spine?

A

hemangioma

36
Q

is a bone island symptomatic?

A

No, except in skull

37
Q

Which condition demonstrates pain worst at night and relieved by aspirin?

A

Osteoid osteoma

38
Q

Which part of bone is in osteoid osteoma?

A

any, but cortical most common (tibia, femur)

39
Q

What is an enchondroma and what is the matrix appearance in an enchondroma?

A

a cartilage cyst found in bone marrow

  • originates form cartilage
  • matrix = stippled scalloping
40
Q

Why is it common to observe short limb with enchondroma?

A

most common tumor of hand and feet

tumor effects limbs

41
Q

What is multiple enchondromatosis called?

A

Ollier’s Disease

42
Q

What is most common location for fibrous cortical defect?

A

lower extremity in tibia or fibula

43
Q

What is fallen fragment sign?

A

in simple bone cysts that undergo pathologic fractures

44
Q

Which benign bone tumor is named according to appearance?

A

aneurysmal bone cyst

45
Q

radiographic features of enchondroma

A

small round/oval cystic defects
stippled matrix
discrete islands of cartilage surrounded by layers of bone

46
Q

radiographic features of simple bone cyst

A 
oblong
expansile
central
radiolucent lesion
fallen fragment sign
47
Q

radiographic features of aneurysmal bone cyst

A

osteolytic with soap bubble appearance

expansile

48
Q

radiographic features of osteochondroma

A

sessile or pedunculated
coat hanger exostosis
cauliflower exostosis

49
Q

Is Page’ts disease monostotic or polystotic?

A

polystotic (more than one bone involved)

50
Q

5 radiographic features of pagets disease

A
  1. coarsened trabeculae
  2. thickened cortex
  3. bone expansion
  4. subarticluar expansion
  5. deformities
51
Q

Which condition demonstrates nonuniform joint space narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and subchondral cysts?

A

DJD

52
Q

Which condition presents with triangular sclerosis only at the iliac portion of the lower SI joint?

A

Osteitis Condensans ilii

53
Q

Is osteitis condensans ilii unilateral or bilat?

- more common in men or women?

A
  • bilateral and symmetrical slerosis

- common in women

54
Q

Osteitis pubis is commonly associated with which medical procedure?

A

surgery near pubic symphysis

55
Q

Difference between marginal and non-marginal syndesmophytes?

A

non-marginal don’t come from corners, thicker, not throughout the spine
- ex: Reiters and psoriatic
marginal is of outer annulus fibrosis leading to thick, vertical radio dense areas
- AS

56
Q

Which spinal arthritides have marginal vs non-marginal syndesmophytes?

A

Marginal: AS

Non-marginal: psoriatic arthritis, Reiters Syndrome

57
Q

What systemic condition is commonly found in pts with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)

A

diabetes
dyslipidemia
hyperuricemia

58
Q

Dysphagia is common in which arthritic condition and why?

A

DISH because spinal involvement

- trouble swallowing if involves ALL

59
Q

Intervertebral disc degeneration

A
  • aka sponylosis
  • loss of disc height
  • osteophytes
  • endplate sclerosis
  • retrolisthesis
60
Q

What part of the spine is DISH most commonly found in?

A

Cervical?

61
Q

What are the radiographic findings of neurotrohpic arthropathy?

A 
- joint changes secondary to loss of sensation
hypertrophic type
- Distended joint
- Density increases subchondral bone
- debris or loose bodies
- dislocation
- disorganization
- destruction of articular cortex
62
Q

atrophic type

A

complete resorption of articulationg bone end

- tapers bone end to sharp pont

63
Q

Which condition can result in neurotrophic arthropathy?

A

DM
alcoholism
tabes dorsalis
paralysis

64
Q

What is synoviochondrometaplasia?

A

benign disorder marked by metaplasia of hyper plastic synovium to hyaline cartilage.
- hyaline cartilage calcifies or ossifies and detaches from synovium to form loose bodies within joint, tendon, sheath or bursar

65
Q

Where is synoviochondrometaplasia most common?

A

knee

never spine

66
Q

What does synoviochondrometaplasia look like radiographically?

A

multiple radiodense loose bodies in joint capsule

widened joint space

67
Q

Name the common sites of involvement of RA in the hand and wrist?

A 
Hands: 
MCPs and PIPs
radial margins of 2nd and 3rd MC head
Wrist:
ulnar styloid erosion
uniform loss of radio carpal joint
erosions of triquetrum
68
Q

What is marginal erosion?

A

irregular and no sclerotic margin

bare area

69
Q

What is significance of widening of atlanto-dental interspace?

A

can lead to direct compression of brainstem or cause neuro damage and excessive kyphosis

70
Q

Which conditions demonstrate laxity of the transverse ligament?

A

inflammatory arthritides

SLE, Down’s

71
Q

Is SI involvement common in RA?

A

No

72
Q

Describe the radiographic findings of PA

A

psoriatic looks similar to RA without hyperemia
PA: DIP and PIP of hand
- ray pattern
- ST swelling
- pencil in cup deformity
- asymmetrical with uniform joint space loss

73
Q

Describe the radiographic findings of RA

A

MCPs and PIPs

  • radial margins of 2nd and 3rd MC head
  • boutonniere
  • swan neck deformities
  • ulnar deviation of MCP joint
  • bilateral and symmetrical and uniform joint loss
74
Q

What is gender incidence of vertebral column and pelvis in ankylosing spondlytis?

A

male 9:1 onset 20-60

75
Q

What is 1st site of involvement of vertebral column and pelvis in AS?

A

pelvis: iliac side and lower 2/3 synovial of SI joint
spine: thoracolumbar jxn

76
Q

What is 2nd site of involvement of vertebral column and pelvis in AS?

A

column and pelvis in AS

77
Q

Is SI involvement unilateral or bilateral in AS?

A

bilateral and symmetrical

78
Q

What condition demonstrates squaring of vertebral bodies?

A

AS

79
Q

What is shiny corner sx?

A

increased radio density of corners of vertebral body related to osteitis

80
Q

What is a carrot stick fracture?

A

fracture of any anklosed segment in AS

- usually causes paralysis

81
Q

Which condition demonstrates similar SI joint and vertebral column findings to AS?

A

Enteropathic arthropathy, UC, Crohns

82
Q

Which 2 seronegative spondyloarthropathis demonstrate non-marginal syndesmophytes and peripheral arthritis?

A

Psoriatic and Reiters

83
Q

Reversible deformities of the hand are seen in which condition?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythmatous (SLE)

84
Q

What is acro-osteolysis and which condition demonstrates this finding?

A

psoriatic arthritis and resorption of extremeties

85
Q

What is the overhanging margin sign and which condition is this seen in?

A

pathopneumonic finding in gout.

-slerotic margin outside joint capsule

86
Q

What structures are primarily involved in CPPD?

A

knee, wrist, pubic symphysis

87
Q

What structures are involved in HADD?

A

Shoulder and Hip

DI II Final (1 decks)

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