DI Exam 1 Flashcards
Boundaries of the Pharynx
base of the tongue, retropharyngeal wall, caudal extent of hard palate and epiglottis
The pharynx is divided into 2 parts..what are they and it is separated by what?
Divided into Oropharynx and nasopharynx Separated by the soft palate
What is the function of the Pharynx
Compresses bolus and with the tongue forces the bolus into esophagus
The cartilages that make up the Larynx
Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid
What view is most helpful to see the larynx and pharynx
Lateral view In VD -structures are superimposed
T/F: you can see the laryngeal structures in animals 2-3 months of age
FALSE difficult to discern due to lack of mineralization
Normal anatomy of the Larynx
Thyroid cartilage Cricothyroid cartilage arytenoid cartilage epiglottis soft palate
____ reduces air in the region - there is less contrast and increased difficulty interpreting lesions
Obesity
In a neutral lateral view, where is the larynx positioned
Larynx is ventral to and ends at the level of C1 and C2
____ can greatly influence laryngeal position
Head position
What will also effect the position of laryngeal stuctures
The Depth and Phase of Respiration
T/F: Basihyoid and other hyoid bones are mistaken for foreign bodies
True
(usually due to radiographic positioning)
A tubular semi-rigid midline structure
Trachea
Trachea attaches
at the larynx and carina
What holds the Trachea in position
Mediastimum and neck muscles
Easiest way to evaluate the trachea
in Lateral view
Thoracic trachea is found….
on the right of the mediastinum
Deviation to right is exaggerated in…
in obese and brachycephalic breeds
Dont mistake this for a mediastinal mass
T/F: There is a slight divergence of the trachea from the spine in a normal dog
True
T/F: In normal animals the trachea diameter does not vary significantly during respiration
True
Mineralization of the tracheal rings is seen in
large breeds, chondrodystrophic breeds and in young dogs with no clinical significance
T/F: Mineralization of the tracheal rings is a normal degenerative or aging process
True
and may increase with metastatic mineralization
Extension of the neck results in _______ and ______of the trachea at the thoracic inlet
Compression and narrowing
Flexion of the neck can result in a bend in the cranial mediastinum and lead to….
false diagnosis of a cranial mediastinal mass
Tracheal displacement can be a
reliable sign of a mass lesion
What neoplasias are most frequent in dogs and cats?
Osteochondromas and carcinomas
In tracheal collapse, dynamic narrowing in the cervical trachea at the thoracic inlet occurs during
inspiration
Tracheal collapse occurs in the thoracic cavity at carina during..
expiration
When do you need to take radiographs to evaluate the trachea and what can be done to exaggerate a lesion?
Radiographs need to be taken during inspiration and expiration
Coughing exaggerates the lesion
