DI Exam 1

Question 1

Boundaries of the Pharynx

Answer 1

base of the tongue, retropharyngeal wall, caudal extent of hard palate and epiglottis

Question 2

The pharynx is divided into 2 parts..what are they and it is separated by what?

Answer 2

Divided into Oropharynx and nasopharynx Separated by the soft palate

Question 3

What is the function of the Pharynx

Answer 3

Compresses bolus and with the tongue forces the bolus into esophagus

Question 4

The cartilages that make up the Larynx

Answer 4

Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid

Question 5

What view is most helpful to see the larynx and pharynx

Answer 5

Lateral view In VD -structures are superimposed

Question 6

T/F: you can see the laryngeal structures in animals 2-3 months of age

Answer 6

FALSE difficult to discern due to lack of mineralization

Question 7

Normal anatomy of the Larynx

Answer 7

Thyroid cartilage Cricothyroid cartilage arytenoid cartilage epiglottis soft palate

Question 8

____ reduces air in the region - there is less contrast and increased difficulty interpreting lesions

Answer 8

Obesity

Question 9

In a neutral lateral view, where is the larynx positioned

Answer 9

Larynx is ventral to and ends at the level of C1 and C2

Question 10

____ can greatly influence laryngeal position

Answer 10

Head position

Question 11

What will also effect the position of laryngeal stuctures

Answer 11

The Depth and Phase of Respiration

Question 12

T/F: Basihyoid and other hyoid bones are mistaken for foreign bodies

Answer 12

True

(usually due to radiographic positioning)

Question 13

A tubular semi-rigid midline structure

Answer 13

Trachea

Question 14

Trachea attaches

Answer 14

at the larynx and carina

Question 15

What holds the Trachea in position

Answer 15

Mediastimum and neck muscles

Question 16

Easiest way to evaluate the trachea

Answer 16

in Lateral view

Question 17

Thoracic trachea is found….

Answer 17

on the right of the mediastinum

Question 18

Deviation to right is exaggerated in…

Answer 18

in obese and brachycephalic breeds

Dont mistake this for a mediastinal mass

Question 19

T/F: There is a slight divergence of the trachea from the spine in a normal dog

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T/F: In normal animals the trachea diameter does not vary significantly during respiration

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Mineralization of the tracheal rings is seen in

Answer 21

large breeds, chondrodystrophic breeds and in young dogs with no clinical significance

Question 22

T/F: Mineralization of the tracheal rings is a normal degenerative or aging process

Answer 22

True

and may increase with metastatic mineralization

Question 23

Extension of the neck results in _______ and ______of the trachea at the thoracic inlet

Answer 23

Compression and narrowing

Question 24

Flexion of the neck can result in a bend in the cranial mediastinum and lead to….

Answer 24

false diagnosis of a cranial mediastinal mass

Question 25

Tracheal displacement can be a

Answer 25

reliable sign of a mass lesion

Question 26

What neoplasias are most frequent in dogs and cats?

Answer 26

Osteochondromas and carcinomas

Question 27

In tracheal collapse, dynamic narrowing in the cervical trachea at the thoracic inlet occurs during

Answer 27

inspiration

Question 28

Tracheal collapse occurs in the thoracic cavity at carina during..

Answer 28

expiration

Question 29

When do you need to take radiographs to evaluate the trachea and what can be done to exaggerate a lesion?

Answer 29

Radiographs need to be taken during inspiration and expiration Coughing exaggerates the lesion