DI 2 Midterm Flashcards
What is the relation between occipitalization and basilar invagination/impression?
Occipitalization: Nonsegmentation of occiput from C1.
Occipitalization is one of the etimologies of basilar invagination, which is Odontoid encroachment into foramen magnum
compare with Arnold-Chiari malformation: part of brainstem is thru foramen magnum
Where do you find a posterior ponticle?
between occiput and C1
ossification of the vertebral membrane thru which the vertebral artery and 1st cervical nerve pass
What is the significance of George’s line?
Line drawn along posterior edge of vertebral bodies to estimate alignment, should be smooth curve; if not, indicates spondylolithesis or bone loss/gain/malformation/etc
Why is an os odontoideum clinically significant?
possibility of severing spinal cord -> set up appt with neurosurgeon
What are the radiographic differences between congenital block vertebra and an acquired fusion of the spine?
congenital block vertebra:, Decreased AP diameter, rudimentary disc, apophyseal joint fusion, possible malformation or fusion of SPs. Wasp waisted appearance (of discs, not of Pt)
acquired fusion: normal vertebral bodies, radiopacity between bodies d/t sclerosis or bone chips
What is the significance of the spinolaminar junction and spina bifida occulta in the lateral view?
It’s not visible on the lateral view, since the two lamina don’t come together. In normal SPs on a lateral view, one can see the radiopaque line indicating thickness of the two lamina’s connection, whereas in SBO lamina don’t have that additional thickness and appear relatively radiopaque.
Why is it common to see disc space narrowing adjacent to a limbus vertebra and/or Schmorl’s node?
because the disc isn’t in the disc space, it’s in the body space
How can you tell whether a rib at the cervicothoracic junction is a cervical rib or first rib?
cervical TPs point up, thorasic TPs point out, so check the TP that the rib is attached to
What is a transitional lumbosacral vertebra?
a vertebra that resembles both an idealized lumbar vertebra and the sacrum, would be L5 probably
Name a dysplasia that may present with tall stature and hypermobile joints?
Marfans
What complications may be associated with marfans?
- kyphoscoliosis;
- aortic dissection aneurism;
- joint dislocation;
- retinal dislocation
- What is the most common cause of dwarfism
2. What neurologic condition may these individuals have that affects the legs?
- achrondoplasia, hereditory autosomal dominant trait
2 In the infant, the small foramen magnum and hydrocephalus can lead to cord compression. In the adult, congenital spinal stenosis often leads to paraplegia.
Fragile osteopenic bones are associated with which dysplasia?
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
compare new and old fractures
new: not much. edema, fat displacement (elbow), air (open/compound fracture), if large enough, a radio-lucenct (if gapping) or radiopaque (if compressed) area
old: callus where new bone has grown, either as cortex or as bridging bone
What are the possible long bone fracture orientations?
transverse, oblique, longitudinal
“long bones are TOL”
What are the types of incomplete fractures of pediatric long bones and how do they differ?
Torus, Green stick, Bowing
“ TEE-Bow”
“Incomplete pass”
Which is the most common type of Salter Harris fracture?
type II: growth plate and metyphasis
What is the difference between a malunion and a nonunion fracture?
malunion is where the bone heals unaligned, in a different form than it had originally
nonunion is where each new fragment of the bone heals itself rather than joining back into the original bone
What significant finding is demonstrated in the APOM view with a Jefferson’s fracture?
The lateral aspect of C1 should not project beyond the lateral margins of C2 by a combined measurement of 7 mm
i.e. C1 lateral aspects slide laterally d/t fractures bilaterally ant and post
