DH100: Chapter 6: Infection Control: Clinical Procedures

Question 1

clinicians stool features:

Answer 1

1. foot controls
2. easy clean surface
3. no seams

Question 2

light features:

Answer 2

1. autoclavable handles or barrier covers

Question 3

sink features:

Answer 3

1. stainless steel
2. electronic or foot controls
3. deep for washing up to elbows

Question 4

unit features:

Answer 4

1. removable hoses, straight, not coiled
2. easy clean surfaces
3. autoclavable handpieces

Question 5

chair features:

Answer 5

1. foot controls
2. easy clean surface
3. no seams

Question 6

biohazard waste features:

Answer 6

1. foot control

2. sealable liner

Question 7

waste features:

Answer 7

1. large opening

2. heavy duty liner

Question 8

treatment room should also have:

Answer 8

1. supplies:
   
   • sterilized or disposable
2. sharps disposal

Question 9

Describe the instrument processing area?

Answer 9

The processing center for care, cleaning, packaging, sterilizing, and storing instruments is located definitely apart from the treatment rooms.

Question 10

Types of sterilization procedures:

Answer 10

1. auto clave
2. chemical vapor
3. dri-clave
4. chemical sterilization

Question 11

autoclave:

1. procedure
2. time
3. temperature
4. pressure
5. other requirements
6. mode of action in destroying microorganisms

Answer 11

1. procedure:
   gravity displacement: 15-30 min temp 250 deg F (121 deg C)
   prevacuum: 3.5- 10 min temp 320 de F ( 132 deg C)
2. pressure: achieved by action of heat; pressure attains only to attain high temperature; air must be excluded
3. other requirements: space between objects is essential to ensure access for steam; materials must be thoroughly cleaned and air dried; load must be arranged for free passage of steam toward bottom of autoclave.
4. destroyed microorganisms: all microorganisms, spores and viruses and destroyed quickly and efficiently; wide variety of materials may be treated; most economical method of sterilization.
5. others: may corrode steel instruments if precautions are not taken; unsuitable for oils or powders that are impervious to heat.

Question 12

chemical vapor:

Answer 12

use: cannot be used for materials or object that ca be altered by the chemicals that make the vapor or that cannot withstand the high temperature. ex: low melting plastics, liquids, or heat-sensitive handpiece.

principles of action: microbial and vital destructions from he permeation of the heated formaldehyde and alcohol. Heavy’ tightly wrapped, or sealed packages would not permit the penetration of the vapors.

temperature: from 132 de C (270 deg F) with 20-40 lbs pressure in accord with the manufacturer’s directions.
time: min of 20 min after the correct temp and pressure have been attained.Time is extended for a large load or a heavy wrap.

cooling at the completion of the cycle: instruments are dry. Instruments need a short period for cooling.

Question 13

Dry heat:

Answer 13

Uses; primarily for materials that cannot safely be sterilized with steam under pressure; for oils and powders when they are thermostabile at the required temperatures; for small metal instruments enclosed in special containers or that might be corroded or rusted by moisture.

Principles of action: oil, grease, or organic debris on instruments insulates and protects microorganisms from the sterilizing effect.

Temperature: 160 deg C (320 deg F) maintained for 2 hrs; 170 de C (340 deg F) for 1 hr. Timing starts after the desired temperature has been reached.

Care: care is taken not to overheat because certain materials can be affected. temperatures over 160 deg C (320 deg F) may destroy the sharp edges of cutting instruments.

Advantage: useful for materials that cannot be subjected to steam under pressure; when maintained at correct temperature, this method is well suited for sharp instruments; no corrosion compared with steam under pressure.

Disadvantages: long exposure time required; penetration slow and uneven; high temperature critical to certain materials.

Question 14

Chemical Disinfectant:

Answer 14

uses: environmental surface disinfection; dental lab impressions and prostheses

Principles of action: achieved by coagulation, precipitation, or oxidation of protein of microbial cells or denaturation of the enzymes of the cells; depends on the contact of the solution at the known effective concentration for the optimum period of time.

Criteria for selection of a chemical agent: EPA approval; manufacturers info literature and container labels; labels must state: shel life; use life; reuse life; direction for activation; direction for use, instruction for disposal of used solution; warnings.

Question 15

Types of disinfectants:

Answer 15

1. high level
2. intermediate level
3. low level

Question 16

inactivate spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Applied at different time schedules, either disinfectant or a sterilant.`

Answer 16

high level disinfectants

Question 17

inactivate all forms of microorganisms but to not destroy spores.

Answer 17

intermediate level disinfectants

Question 18

inactivate vegetative bacteria and certain lipid-type viruses but do not destroy spores, tubercle bacilli, or nonlipid viruses.

Answer 18

low level disinfectants