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Developing Fuels > DF3 > Flashcards

DF3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why does carbon form covalent bonds rather than ionic?

A

If ionic, it would lose or gain 4 electrons, so will have a charge of 4+ or 4-. The resulting ion will be too highly charged.

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2
Q

What is catenation?

A

The property of carbon being able to form strong covalent bonds with itself - making chains and rings of its atoms.

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3
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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4
Q

What is a benzene ring?

A

A ring of six carbon atoms.

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5
Q

What are aromatic compounds?

A

Compounds that contain a benzene ring (also called arenes).

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6
Q

What are aliphatic compounds?

A

Compounds that do not contain any benzene rings.

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7
Q

What is a functional group?

A

Modifiers that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of molecules.

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8
Q

What is saturated?

A

Hydrocarbons containing the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible - only SINGLE bonds.

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9
Q

What are the prefixes for 1-10 carbons?

A 
1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
6 - hex
7 - hept
8 - opt
9 - non
10 - dec
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10
Q

What is the homologous series?

A

A series of compounds in which all members have the same general molecular formula.

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11
Q

What is the molecular formula of an organic compound?

A

Shows the number of each type of atom present.

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12
Q

What is the empirical formula of an organic compound?

A

Gives the simplest possible whole number ratio of the different types of atom within the compound.

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13
Q

What is the condensed formula of an organic compound?

A

Text-based: each carbon atom is listed separately, with atoms attached to it following.

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14
Q

What is the displayed formula of an organic compound?

A

Shows all of the atoms and bonds present (bonds shown as lines).

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15
Q

What is the structural formula of an organic compound?

A

Similar to displayed - not all bonds are shown (some are simplified).

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16
Q

What is the skeletal formula of an organic compound?

A

Hydrogen atoms are omitted, carbon atoms shown as end/vertices of lines.

17
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Same molecular formulae but different structural formulae.

18
Q

What is a systematic name?

A

The name given to every organic compound derived from an internationally agreed set of rules.

19
Q

What are the alkyl groups?

A 
methyl - CH3
ethyl - CH3CH2
propyl - CH3CH2CH2
butyl - CH3CH2CH2CH2
pentyl - CH3CH2CH2H2CH2
20
Q

What are cycloalkanes?

A

Alkanes with a cyclic structure - CnH2n

21
Q

Can alkanes mix with water?

A

No - they form two separate layers.

22
Q

Why can’t alkanes mix with water?

A

Alkanes contain non-polar molecules whereas water contains polar molecules - the water molecules are strongly attracted to each other and prevent the alkane molecules mixing with them.

Developing Fuels (11 decks)

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