devpsych Flashcards
1
Q
5 lb 8 oz to 8 lb 13 oz
A
Normal weight range
2
Q
19.5 inches
A
Normal length range
3
Q
(normal adjustment to life outside the womb - waste elimination, feeding)
A
Babies lose approx. 5% of body weight in the first few days
4
Q
The head comprises 25% of total length at birth.
A
Head-to-body ratio
5
Q
weight typically doubles
A
4 months old
6
Q
Percentiles
A
1-100
7
Q
28.5-30.5 inches
A
12 months
8
Q
33.2-35.4 inchecs (CDC, 2019)
A
24 months
9
Q
weight has tripled
A
1 year
10
Q
weight has quadrupled
A
2 yrs old
11
Q
A
12
Q
Brain increases rapidly
A
Physical size
13
Q
At birt the brains blank?
A
25% adult weight
14
Q
At 2 years old the brain reaches blank
A
75% of adult weight
15
Q
a period of prolific dendritic connections
A
Transient exuberence
16
Q
fatty sheats protect axons and speed neural transmissions
A
myelination
17
Q
unused neural connections are eliminated in favor of well-used ones
A
pruning
18
Q
The least-developed portion of the brain at birth but grows substantially
A
Prefrontal cortex
19
Q
interaction with sensory receptors
A
sensation
20
Q
Interpretation of sensory input
A
perception
21
Q
least developed at birth
A
sight
22
Q
newborns can see blank in front
A
8-16 inches
23
Q
preference for blank, unusual, and exciting images
A
face
24
Q
most developed sense at birth
A
hearing
25
in the womb, babies recognize their Blank
mother's voice
26
•Physiological reactions indicate pain sensation (e.g., circumcision response).
•Touch is necessary for comfort and bonding.
Touch/pain
27
can distinguish sweet, salty, sour, and bitter
Taste/smell
28
babies prefer blank
sweets
29
can identify their mother's blank essily
mother's scent
30
• Can hold head upright on own
• Smiles at sound of familiar voices and follows movement with eyes
2 months
31
• Can raise head and chest from prone position
• Smiles at others
• Grasps objects
• Rolls from side to back
3 months
32
• Babbles, laughs, and tries to imitate sounds
• Begins to roll from back to side
4-5 months
33
Moves objects from hand to hand
6 months
34
• Can sit without support
• May begin to crawl
• Responds to own name
• Finds partially hidden objects
7-8 months
35
• Walks while holding on
• Babbles "mama" and "dada"
• Claps
8-9 months
36
• Stands alone
• Begins to walk
• Says at least one word
• Can stack two blocks
11-12 months
37
• Walks independently
• Drinks from a cup
• Says at least 15 words
• Points to body parts
18 months
38
• Runs and jumps
• Uses two-word sentences
• Follows simple instructions
• Begins make-believe play
2 years
39
• Speaks in multi-word sentences
• Sorts objects by shape and color
3 years
40
• Draws circles and squares
• Rides a tricycle
• Gets along with people outside of the family
• Gets dressed
4 years
41
• Can jump, hop, and skip
• Knows name and address
• Counts ten or more objects
5 years
42
liquid gold," nutrient-dense, first days of life
colostrum
43
"breast is best"
breastfeeding
44
- From 0-2 years, average 12.8 hrs/day
- Newborns sleep 14-17 hrs
- Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths (SUID): some identified causes
Infant sleep requirements
45
Benefit of skin-to-skin contact
- Risk of child suffocation, increased risk w/ parental drug/alcohol use
co sleeping
46
- Personal beliefs, opt-out programs, religious beliefs
- Need for community protection, prevent resurgence of diseases
Immunizations: the debate
47
90% of population is vaccinated, population is protected
herd immunity
48
•Newborns rely purely on inborn reflexes like sucking, grasping, and looking
Example: A baby automatically sucks when something touches their lips.
Stage 1: Reflexes (Birth – 6 weeks)
49
What happens? Babies start repeating actions that feel good or interesting, but only involving their own body.
Example: A baby accidentally sucks their thumb and finds it comforting, so they keep doing it
Stage 2: Primary Circular Reactions (6 weeks – 4 months)
50
51
•Babies now repeat actions that involve objects or people, not just their own body.
Example: A baby shakes a rattle and hears the sound, so they keep shaking it.
Stage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4 – 8 months)
52
53
What happens? Babies start goal-directed behavior, meaning they perform actions intentionally to achieve something.
Example: A baby sees a toy under a blanket and lifts the blanket to get it.
Stage 4: Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8 – 12 months)
54
What happens? Babies become little scientists! They explore objects in new ways and experiment with different actions.
Example: A baby drops a spoon from different heights to see what happens
Stage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12 – 18 months)
55
What happens? Babies can now think before acting and imagine things in their head. This is the beginning of symbolic thought.
Example: A baby sees their parent leave for work but remembers them and knows they will come back later.
mental representation (18-24 months)
56
baby's reaction: cries, cooing, grunts, and makes reflexive noises
1. Stage 1: Reflexive Communication (Birth - 2 months)
57
more cooing, responds to sound, smiles in response talking
Stage 2: Reflexive Communication & Interest in Others (2-4 months
58
babies imitates sounds, uses gestures like reaching
Stage 3: Intentional Communication (4-8 months)
59
says first recognizeable words like "mama" or "dada"
stage 4: first words (8-12 months)
60
Germinal period
weeks 1-2
61
The fertilized egg forms a single-cell
zygote
62
rapid cell division (150 cells by implantation time
mitosis
63
established at conception
sex determination
64
22-26 weeks
age of viability
65
embryonic period
weeks 3-8
66
the zygote become an
embryo
67
provides oxygen and nutrients
placenta formation
68
starts beating
embryonic
69
cephalocaudal growth: head developed first
embryonic period
70
Proximodistal Growth: Growth spreads from the midline outward.
Embryonic period
71
Week 9: Fetus develops a more human appearance.
Week 12: All body parts are present.
Week 16: Fully developed fingers and toes, visible fingerprints.
Week 24: Basic neuron development in the brain.
Week 37: Organ systems mature for survival outside the womb.
Fetal period (weeks 9-40)
72
Social smiling-appears- blank months, laughter at blank months
2 and 3-5
73
Stranger wariness-appears-6-15 months
Stranger wariness-appears-6-15 months
74
- Shows cognitive development "where has my caregiver gone?"
Peaks around 8-10 months, declines later w/ healthy attachment
separation anxiety
75
- A parert may help the heiter amotions by sodaten the child or moving extas
- Co-regulation: parents help manage amount of stimull, soothe and comfort
emotional regulation
76
77
78
are factors that can contribute to birth defects which include some maternal diseases, drugs, alcohol, and stress as well as environmental and occupational exposures
Teratogens
79
consumption particularly during the second month of prenatal development may lead to neurocognitive and behavioral difficulties that can last a lifetime and can frequently result in
Alcohol FASD (fetal alcohol spectrum disorders)
80
Nicotine levels travel through the placenta to the fetus and has been associated with low birth rate, placenta previa, birth defects, preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, and sudden infant death syndrome
tobacco
81
if prescription medication is required, the lowest possible dose should be used
drugs
82
can include an exposure to a wide array of agents including pollution, organic mercury compounds, herbicides, and industrial solvents
Environmental chemicals
83
maternal illness increases the chance that a baby will be born with a birth defect or have a chronic health problem
maternal diseases
84
Because of a link in blood supply between mother and fetus, stress can leave lasting effects on a developing fetus
maternal stress
85
