DevOps

Question 1

What is the purpose of DevOps?

Answer 1

It bridges the gap between development and operations by bringing both together for the entire SDLC.

Question 2

Is DevOps a methodology? What is it focused on?

Answer 2

No, it is a culture-shift focused on building and operating at high velocity.

Question 3

What is the DevOps approach, and what areas does it entail? (List six.)

Answer 3

Approach is continuous:

1. Development
2. Integration
3. Testing
4. Deployment
5. Delivery
6. Monitoring

Question 4

What are five benefits to DevOps?

Answer 4

1. Assessing quality at every stage of development = higher quality, fewer defects
2. Releasing small increments frequently = early and frequent feedback
3. On-time delivery
4. Reduction in vendor and third-party issues
5. Faster time to market

Question 5

What are three misconceptions of DevOps?

Answer 5

1. It does not eliminate any roles from either dev or Ops
2. It is not a separate team
3. It is not a tool

Question 6

Define continuous integration (CI). What does it ensure?

Answer 6

The practice of merging all developers’ working code into a main branch of the code base in a shared repository several times a day.

Ensures that the application does not break when new commits are integrated.

Question 7

What are commits? How are they validated?

Answer 7

Developer’s changes, which are validated by creating a build and running automated tests against the build.

Question 8

Define continuous delivery. What does it require?

Answer 8

Builds on the CI process, ensures that software can be reliably released at any time. Requires an automated release process and a way to easily deploy applications at any time.

Question 9

Define continuous deployment (CD). When is CD continuous delivery?

Answer 9

Takes the continuous delivery process a step further in that when a change passes all stages of the DevOps pipeline and is released, the deployment is automatic.

CD is continuous delivery when the releases happen automatically.

Question 10

Define continuous testing. What does success of continuous testing rely on?

Answer 10

The repeated execution of tests against a codebase. Success relies on testing and ops teams being integrated with development teams.

Question 11

Continuous testing is NOT ___________.

Answer 11

A separate activity

Question 12

What is highly encouraged to be used during continuous testing?

Answer 12

Drivers and stubs to test “what-if” scenarios and dependencies

Question 13

What is continuous monitoring? What does it help do?

Answer 13

Allows DevOps team to constantly monitor the application in a production environment to ensure that it is performing at an optimal level and that the environment is stable.

Helps in diagnosing and fixing errors as soon as they are found.

Question 14

What is the simplest DevOps pipeline? List and define the five stages.

Answer 14

Plan—>Code—>Build—>Staging—>Deployment

1. Planning stage is where requirements are gathered, tested, and polished
2. Coding stage is where developer’s source code must be accompanied by successfully executed unit tests
3. Build stage is where commits trigger
4. Staging is where integration and other necessary tests are executed
5. Deployment stage is where code can be deployed to a pre-prod environment to run more tests or deployed to prod

Question 15

Describe DevOps testing during the planning stage.

Answer 15

Pre-CI/CD testing involves gathering requirements accurately and making sure they are testable by creating proper acceptance criteria.

Question 16

What are static testing techniques and at what stage in DevOps testing does it occur?

Answer 16

Consists of reviews and static analysis, should be used to ensure that defects from working products are eliminated as much as possible.

Occurs during test planning.

Question 17

At what DevOps stage do unit and integration tests occur?

Answer 17

During coding and building.

Question 18

Describe testing during the DevOps staging stage. (i.e., what is necessary regarding the staging environment?

Answer 18

Critical factor is that the environment that testing is taking place in during staging must match the prod environment

Question 19

What is DevSecOps, what does it require, and at what DevOps stage does testing take place in?

Answer 19

Includes cybersecurity testing, requires a partnership with security experts. Testing occurs in the staging process.

Question 20

Describe the type of testing that occurs during deployment.

Answer 20

Smoke tests for an entire application are performed to ensure that it run correctly.

Question 21

What is infrastructure as code?

Answer 21

Key element in DevOps, includes the process and technology needed to provision and manage environments through sprints.

Question 22

What is the DevOps tool chain?

Answer 22

Combination of tools that help in all areas of the SDLC lifecycle.