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Neilson Politics A-Level > Devolution > Flashcards

Devolution Flashcards

1
Q

What powers did the Scotland Act 1998 give to the Scottish Parliament

A
  • Primary Legislative Powers
  • THe ability to raise income tax by up to 3p in the pound (Scottish Variable Rate - SVR)
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2
Q

Give 5 examples of primary legislative powers devolved to Scotland following the 1998 Scotland Act

A
  • Law and Order
  • Health
  • Education
  • Environment
  • Transport
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3
Q

What powers did the 2012 Scotland Act give to the Scottish Parliament?

A
  • Ability to lower or raise income tax by up to 10p in the pound (Scottish Rate of Income Tax - SRIT)
  • Borrow up to 5 billion pounds to set up its own tax authority
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4
Q

What powers did the 2016 Scotland Act give to the Scottish Parliament?

A
  • Further major transfer of powers to Holyrood:
    • Equal opportunities
    • Abortion laws
    • Speed limits
    • Gaming machines
  • Create income tax rates across any number of bands
  • Make its own laws regarding who could vote for the Scottish Parliament - subject to a 2/3 vote by the Holyrood Parliament
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5
Q

What is the name of Scotland’s Parliament?

A

Holyrood

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6
Q

Why did Scotland receive further power in 2016?

A

Part of a promise of the ‘No’ campaign during the Scottish Independence Referendum

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7
Q

Give an example of Scotland exercising devolved power

A

They merged police forces into a centralised form, for budgeting and logistical reasons

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8
Q

Give an example that displays the lack of power the Scottish Government has

A

Westminster shut down the Gender Reform Act that was proposed by Scotland

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9
Q

What powers did the 1998 Government of Wales Act give Wales

A
  • Set up Welsh Assembly
  • Gained the ability to devise secondary legislation in specific areas (broadly equivalent to those held by the Secretary of State for Wales)
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10
Q

Give 5 examples of secondary legislative powers devolved to Wales following the 1998 Government of Wales Act

A
  1. Agriculture
  2. Fisheries
  3. Education
  4. Housing
  5. Highways
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11
Q

What powers did the 2006 Government of Wales Act devolve to the Welsh Assembly

A
  • Request further power from Westminster
  • Gain primary legislative powers if approved by referendum
  • Set up an executive body called the Welsh Assembly Government (now called Welsh Government)
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12
Q

What powers did the 2014 Wales Act devolve?

A

Tax raising and replacement powers
- Stamp Duty
- Business Rates
- Landfill Tax

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13
Q

What powers did the 2017 Wales Act devolve?

A
  • Greater primary legislative powers
  • Control over electoral system (subject to a 2/3 majority in the government)
  • Gained the power to vary the rate of income tax by up to 10p on the pound - setting up the Welsh Revenue Authority
  • The power to change its name - which it did in 2020 to Senned Cymru
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14
Q

When did the Good Friday Deal occur?

A

Good Friday 1998

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15
Q

How did the Good Friday Deal achieve?

A

A devolved government in which power would be shared between the nationalists and the unionists in Northern Ireland

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16
Q

How did the Good Friday Agreement ensure no one party would gain too much power

A
  1. STV was selected as the voting system, which provided multiparty constituencies where multiple different representatives, representing different beliefs (Protestant and Catholic) can represent one constituency
  2. Power sharing - the first minister is the leader of the largest party and the Deputy First Minister is the leader of the second largest party
17
Q

What is the name of the Northern Irish assembly

A

Storemont

18
Q

What powers does Storemont have?

A
  • Primary legislative (the ability to write laws)
  • Minor tax raising powers (much less than the other two) however corporation tax was devolved in 2015
19
Q

Name 4 of the main parties in Northern Ireland

A
  1. Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)
  2. Ulster Unionist Party
  3. Sinn Fein
  4. Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP)
20
Q

What are the issues with the power sharing agreement

A

It has led to the suspension of the assembly 3 of the 7 times it has been formed - most recently from 2022-2024 where after losing the election, the DUP refused to assent to the election of the speaker, which prevented the assembly from appointing a new executive

21
Q

Name the 3 times Storemont was suspended

A
  1. 2002-2007
  2. 2017-2020
  3. 2022-2024
22
Q

Give 5 policies that the Westminster government reserves

A
  1. Foreign Policy
  2. Immigration
  3. Defence
23
Q

Explain how COVID displayed the devolved power

A

The rules differed between the regions
- England allowed schools to open 1st June
- Scotland allowed schools to open 31st August
- Wales allowed schools to open in September
- Northern Ireland allowed schools to open in September

24
Q

Give 3 arguments for a devolved English government

A
  1. It would bring parity across the UK regarding devolution
  2. An English Parliament could be located away from the capital and thus reduce London’s dominance
  3. It would provide a solution to the West Lothian question
25
Q

Give 3 arguments against a devolved English government

A
  1. Insufficient public demand - a referendum to set up an elected assembly for the northeast was rejected with a majority of 78% in 2004
  2. There would be an imbalance in the union as 85% of the UK’s population is in England - no other federal system has one region that is so dominant within the whole nation
  3. The West Lothian question has already been resolved by EVEL
26
Q

Give an example of a devolved power overriding that of Westminster

A
  • In 2020, BoJo announced plans to build a relief road for a section of the M4 in South Wales.
  • However, similar plans had already been scrapped by the Labour government in charge after they declared a climate emergency in 2016
  • The Welsh Government argued that transport was an entirely devolved issue so the prime minister had no say in road building in Scotland

Neilson Politics A-Level (8 decks)

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