Devoir n° 5 - 2017/2018 - Love and friendship

Question 1

Question 1 - physical-attractiveness stereotype
What is the physical-attractiveness stereotype?
- A bias against people who are high in physical attractiveness.
- When we hear that someone “has a good personality,” it means that they are not physically attractive.
- That people who are physically attractive are snobs.
- When we see a physically attractive person, we think that they have other good qualities

Answer 1

When we see a physically attractive person, we think that they have other good qualities.

Question 2

Question 2 - Reward theory
Reward theory states that:
- rewards foster romantic but not - companionate love.
companionate love is fostered by long periods of separation.
- flattery always leads to increased liking.
- we like those people who are associated with good feelings.

Answer 2

we like those people who are associated with good feelings.

Question 3

Question 3 – General
The need to belong and to form close interpersonal relationships:
- is at the core of our existence and thus is characteristic of people everywhere.
- is largely a 20th century motive that is most evident in industrialized societies.
- is a learned motive serving our more fundamental need for self-esteem.
conflicts with our more basic need to survive.

Answer 3

is at the core of our existence and thus is characteristic of people everywhere.

Question 4

Question 4 - Predestination of soul-mates
The belief of “predestination of soul-mates” means:
- Two people are meant to be together by destiny.
- We all have our soul mate somewhere on earth.
- Women are creating fantasies so as to fulfill their dream of perfect love.
All of the above.

Answer 4

Two people are meant to be together by destiny.

Question 5

Question 5 - Consistency paradox
The consistency paradox concerns the fact that:
- Behavior and personality remain the same over time.
- Personality changes constantly whereas behavior remains the same over time.
- Behavior and personality are both different over time.
- None ot the above

Answer 5

None ot the above

Question 6

Question 6 – Ostracism		
Ostracism means:
- being excluded by others.
- stretching your neck.
- sticking your neck out and taking a risk.
- criticizing yourself.

Answer 6

being excluded by others.

Question 7

Question 7 - love1		
Couples who are absorbed in one another—gaze into each other's eyes longingly and would be devastated to lose their relationship—are most likely experiencing:
- passionate love
- romantic love
- fatuous love
- Companionate love

Answer 7

passionate love

Question 8

Question 8 - Positive illusions
According to the text, people who have positive illusions:
- Get disappointed in the end.
- End their relationships very quickly.
- Can have more profit from their relationships, emotionally speaking.
- End up alone in their lives.

Answer 8

Can have more profit from their relationships, emotionally speaking.

Question 9

Question 9 - Social attraction
Which of the following seems to be true from research on social attraction?
- what is beautiful is judged to be good.
- what is familiar is judged to be boring.
- what is unique is judged to be valuable.
- what is average is judged to be unattractive.

Answer 9

what is beautiful is judged to be good.

Question 10

Question 10 - Pair off
The finding that people pair off with others who are about as attractive as themselves is known as:
- complementarity.
- the matching phenomenon.
- the reciprocity effect.
- Gause's law.

Answer 10

the matching phenomenon.

Question 11

Question 11 – feelings		
Tim feels he is investing more time and emotions into the relationship he has with Jane than she is investing. This would describe as:
- Equity.
- Non-equity.
- Perceived inequity.
- Perceived equanimity.

Answer 11

Perceived inequity.

Question 12

Question 12 – Definition
What is the mere-exposure effect?
- When a person eventually dislikes someone or something they have encountered repeatedly.
- Disclosing something personal to a stranger.
- When a person eventually likes someone or something they have encountered repeatedly.
- Only providing minimal self-disclosure.

Answer 12

When a person eventually likes someone or something they have encountered repeatedly.

Question 13

Question 13 – Emotion		
According to two-factor theory, emotion is a result of:
- motives and thoughts.
- arousal and a label.
- nature and nurture.
- rewards and punishments.

Answer 13

arousal and a label.

Question 14

Question 14 - Falling in love:
When we fall in love:
We are able to know objectively if the other person will probably fall in love with us.
An objective opinion is hard when we are crazy in love with the other person.
An objective opinion is easier when we aren’t so much in need for the other’s love.
Both answers A and B are correct.
Both answers A and C are correct.
Both answers B and C are correct.

Answer 14

Both answers B and C are correct.

Question 15

Question 15 – Favor		
Our desire to return a favor received from another is best explained in terms of the:
- complementarity hypothesis.
- equity principle.
- matching phenomenon.
- mere-exposure effect.

Answer 15

equity principle.

Question 16

Question 16 - Text book
Concerning the text, most people:
- Fall in love with someone who has a totally different character.
- Prefer people with different interests.
- Prefer similar lovers.
- Prefer an easy and happy partner so as to adjust him to their needs.

Answer 16

Prefer similar lovers.

Question 17

Question 17 – behavior		
With a knowing glance, Linda's grandmother motioned to Linda from across the table at a fancy restaurant, "Look at how that waiter \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ himself in front of those people at the table for six, just to receive a big tip.
- Subjugates.
- Instigates.
- Criticizes.
- Ingratiates.

Answer 17

Ingratiates.

Question 18

Question 18 - Phenomenological school
The view of the phenomenological school is that people have two innate needs:
- Need for positive regard.
- Need for self-actualization.
- Need for love, affection, and respect from other people and the need to reach their full potential and to become all that they can be.
- All of the above.

Answer 18

ll of the above.

Question 19

Question 19 - Self-revelation		
Bill and Sara's relationship becomes progressively more intimate as each engages in a bit more self-revelation in response to the other's self-disclosure. Their relationship is marked by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ effect.
- disclosure reciprocity.
- mutual disinhibition.
- reciprocal disinhibition.
- reciprocal intimacy.

Answer 19

isclosure reciprocity

Question 20

Question 20 - Love2
Which of the following is true?
- companionate love typically leads to romantic love.
- self-disclosure reduces feelings of romantic love.
- the more in love a woman is with a man, the less physically attractive she finds him.
- companionate love is more likely to endure when both partners feel it to be equitable.

Answer 20

companionate love is more likely to endure when both partners feel it to be equitable.

Question 21

Question 21 - Evolutionary Psychology
According to Buss (1999), the Evolutionary Psychology has demonstrated that:
- Physical attractiveness is more powerful that inner qualities.
- Physical attractiveness is as powerful as inner qualities.
- Physical attractiveness has little to do with love.
- Physical attractiveness is more important to men than to women.

Answer 21

Physical attractiveness is more powerful that inner qualities.

Question 22

Question 22 - Self-construal
Interdependent self-construal is characterized:
- By a sense of fundamental connectedness with others.
- By separateness from others.
- By a definition in terms of dyadic relationships.
- By different social characteristics, not well defined.

Answer 22

By a sense of fundamental connectedness with others.

Question 23

Question 23 – Women
According to the text, women are:
- more difficult in choosing a partner than men.
- more emotional and talk about their relationship in order to stop a problem.
- talk easier about their relationships than men and have a better memory.
- None of the above.

Answer 23

talk easier about their relationships than men and have a better memory.

Question 24

Question 24 – Differences		
The idea that we are attracted to people who are in some ways different from ourselves is an essential aspect of the:
- companionate love hypothesis.
- matching phenomenon.
- reward theory of attraction.
- complementarity hypothesis.

Answer 24

complementarity hypothesis.

Question 25

Question 25 - Big Five		
Among the followings, which are NOT one of the Big Five Personality Traits:
- Openness and conscientiousness.
- Extraversion and neuroticism.
- Anxiety and stressfulness.
- None of the above.

Answer 25

Anxiety and stressfulness.

Question 26

Question 26 – Illusions
Positive illusions are:
- Qualities that people see in their partners that their partners do not see in themselves.
- Illusions that have no negative consequence in our life.
Idealization of our partner.
- Obsessions that we create so as to stand a long term relationship.

Answer 26

Qualities that people see in their partners that their partners do not see in themselves.

Question 27

Question 27 - Matching phenomenon
According to the matching phenomenon, Jacqueline is more likely to get involved with someone who:
- has the name Jack.
- has a higher level of physical attractiveness.
- has a lower level of physical attractiveness.
has the same level of physical attractiveness.

Answer 27

has the same level of physical attractiveness.

Question 28

Question 28 - Love4		
The type of love we feel for people that is a labeled as a deep affectionate attachment is:
- Passionate love.
- Romantic love.
- Fatuous love.
- Companionate love.

Answer 28

Companionate love.

Question 29

Question 29 - mere-exposure effect		
The mere-exposure effect provides one possible explanation for:
- why similarity leads to liking.
- why proximity leads to liking.
- the equity phenomenon.
- the matching phenomenon.

Answer 29

why proximity leads to liking.

Question 30

Question 30 - Love3		
When people want to be with other people in long term, close relationships, this is referred to as:
- Being sociable.
- Having a need for achievement.
- Having a need to belong.
- Belongingness-oriented.

Answer 30

Having a need to belong.

Question 31

1. ____ ? _____ is a culturally-shared idea or expectation about how to behave.
   - Norm
   - Conformity
   - Attitude
   - Obedience
   - Bystander effect
   - Social influence

Answer 31

Norm

Question 32

2. Voluntarily yielding one’s preferences, beliefs, or judgments to those of a larger group is called ____ ? _____ .

Answer 32

Conformity

Question 33

3. An ____ ? _____ is a relatively stable organization of beliefs, feelings, and tendencies toward something.

Answer 33

Attitude

Question 34

4. ____ ? _____ is a change of behavior in response to a command from another person, typically an authority figure.

Answer 34

Obedience

Question 35

5. According to the ____ ? _____, the likelihood that a person will help someone else in trouble decreases as the number of bystanders present increases.

Answer 35

Bystander effect

Question 36

6. ____ ? _____ is the processus by which people’s perceptions, attitudes, and actions are affected by others’ behavior and characteristics.

Answer 36

Social influence

Question 37

Match the English words on the left with their French equivalents on the right
English words
1. Cathexis 
2. Freudian 
3. Suppression 
4. Parapraxis 
5. Repression 
6. Unconscious 
7. Superego
8. Drive 
9. Id 

French words
A. Pulsion
B. Répression
C. Surmoi
D. Investissement d’énergie libidinale
E. Lapsus
F. Ca
G. Acte manqué
H. Refoulement
I. Inconscient

Answer 37

1. Cathexis => D. Investissement d’énergie libidinale
2. Freudian slips => E. Lapsus
3. Suppression => B. Répression
4. Parapraxis => G. Acte manqué
5. Repression => H. Refoulement
6. Unconscious => I. Inconscient
7. Superego => C. Surmoi
8. Drive => A. Pulsion
9. Id F. => Ca

Question 38

Q16. In countries ---?--- are affected by wars and famines. It is often the children ---?--- suffer the most.
A) where / what
B) whose / how
C) which / who
D) why / whom
E) when / why

Answer 38

C) which / who

Question 39

Q17. Sarah told her husband that she could not stand ---?--- of his nagging, and that he had better start behaving better unless he wanted a divorce
A) any more
B) no longer
C) so many
D) no more
E) much more

Answer 39

A) any more

Question 40

Q18. The suspect said he had ---?--- to say and refused to answer ---?--- questions
A) something / none
B) anything / some
C) nothing / any
D) everything / each
E) no more / every

Answer 40

C) nothing / any

Question 41

Q19. Rose ---?--- her bachlor’s degree, and she ---?--- her master’s degree next semester
A) is obtaining / began
B) was obtaining / is beginning
C) had obtained / has begun
D) obtains / is going to begin
E) has obtained / will begin

Answer 41

E) has obtained / will begin

Question 42

Q20. Gunpowder ---?--- by the Chinese, who ---?--- it in warfare as early as the 10th century
A) has invented / has used
B) was being invented / have been using
C) was invented / were using
D) invented / used
E) had been invented / have used

Answer 42

C) was invented / were using

Question 43

Q21. The governor ---?--- so many mistakes that no one ---?--- him anymore
A) has made / trusts
B) makes / trusted
C) was making / has trusted
D) had made / will trust
E) is making / had trusted

Answer 43

A) has made / trusts

Question 44

Q22. Lhase, the capital of Tibet ---?--- more than 3,000 meters above sea level, which ---?--- it one of the highest cities in the world
A) locates / has made
B) is located / makes
C) is locating / made
D) has been located / is making
E) was located / was made

Answer 44

B) is located / makes

Question 45

Q23. ---?--- beautiful a place is, ---?--- likely it is to eventually be spoiled by tourist pollution
A) The more / the more
B) Whether / or
C) The sooner / the better
D) No sooner / than
E) Not only / but also

Answer 45

A) The more / the more

Question 46

Q24. If I ---?--- married on Saturday, of course I ---?--- to the company barbecue
A) won’t get / come
B) am not getting / have come
C) weren’t getting / would come
D) hadn’t been getting / ought to come
E) wouldn’t get / will come

Answer 46

C) weren’t getting / would come

Question 47

Q25. If Holly ---?--- James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake, she ---?--- to become a writer
A) didn’t read / won’t want
B) hadn’t read / wouldn’t have wanted
C) won’t read / hasn’t wanted
D) wouldn’t read / didn’t want
E) doesn’t read / hadn’t wanted

Answer 47

B) hadn’t read / wouldn’t have wanted