Devising data

Question 1

what is a data collection tool

Answer 1

a means of collecting data (qualitative and quantitative)
assessor/expert rated instruments

Question 2

what is the use of ___
pt notes, records review
self-report surveys
qualitative interviews, focus groups

Answer 2

pt notes, records review (no pt identifiers to not breach confidentiality):
used for audit, service evaluation, quality improvement
limited types of info available

self-report surveys:
used for primary research, service evaluation (broader health improvement)

qualitative interview, focus group:
used for primary research, health improvement project (audit, service evaluation, quality improvement)

Question 3

what is used to test internal consistency/reliability

Answer 3

cronbach’s alpha
using SPSS - data analysis software

Question 4

what considerations are taken for data collection

Answer 4

logistics, cost
anonymity, data protection rules
consent

Question 5

what are 3 types of data

Answer 5

categorical (binary = 2 groups, nominal = 2+ groups)
if ordered = likert

continuous (data on scale with equal intervals between points)

qualitative = non-numeric

Question 6

when are open + closed Qs used

Answer 6

open = qualitative data
closed = categorical data (binary, nominal, likert)

Question 7

why should questionnaires include many items (large spread of Qs)

Answer 7

to represent every aspect of the concept measured

reduce error of misunderstandings - use simple direct language, be specific, avoid leading Qs
this reduces skewing of results

Question 8

what are the categories of statistical tests

Answer 8

test of difference with continuous data = t-test if 2 groups, ANOVA if 2+ groups

test of association/correlation with categorical data = chi-squared

test of difference with ordinal (ordered categorical data) = mann-whitney

Question 9

how do t-test + chi-squared differ

Answer 9

t-test:
assess difference with continuous data
compares means between 2 groups
parametric test - continuous data so assumes variables have normal distribution

chi-square:
assess association with categorical data
compares observed + expected frequency
non-parametric test

Question 10

what study calculates RR + odd ratio

Answer 10

RR = cohort study
odd ratio = case-control study

Question 11

what measurement for precision + probability

Answer 11

precision = confidence interval
probability = p value