Deviance and its perception. Flashcards
How was smoking viewed in the 1930s?
-Somewhat healthy and recommended by doctors in adverts.
-Normal and fashionable.
-People could smoke indoors and next to children.
-Promoted by public figures, like film stars.
Modern smoking laws.
-Can’t some in enclosed or public spaces, like shops.
-Can’t sell to anyone born after 2009.
-Cant smoke with children in the car.
-Health act 2006.
-Children and families act 2014.
What lead to this (60s)?
-Smoke-free areas and laws were introduced.
-1964 surgeon generals report linked smoking and lung cancer.
-Doctors no longer advertised or promoted smoking.
-ASH: action on smoking and health.
Laws and punishments against drink driving.
-1925: first law banning drink driving. No clear definition of drunk, so many got away with it.
-3 months in prison, 2.5k fine, driving ban.
-Death: minimum of 14 years, up to a lie driving ban.
-1967: all police carry breathalyses.
-1983: high-ick offender scheme. Aimed to rehabilitate drink drivers so they could get their licence back.
Public perception on drink driving.
The knowledge on the severity increased: at first it was seen as hitting an idiot who got in front of the car, but became an innocent person.
The long-term consequences were more understood: permanent life changes to death.
This can be attributed to the change in media representation and the adverts raising awareness.
Reasons for changing perception on LGBT rights.
-Secularisation: Britain became less religious, so left traditional values on sexual orientation behind.
-Protests: including Stonewall. Raised awareness and pressure the government to change legislation.
-Focus on equality: especially after WWII, people recognised that everyone should be treated equally.
Laws against LGBT equality.
-1533: sexual acts between 2 mean criminalised.
-Section 28: banned talking about homosexuality in state schools (Thatcher).
-1967: gay people were still banned from the army.
Laws for LGBT equality.
-1964+7: Wolfenden report. The government shouldn’t interfere in peoples’ relationships.
-1967: Decriminalised over 21.
-1981: Northern Island’s criminalisation found to go against human rights.
-1997: government recognises gay couples for immigration.
-2002: equality in adoption.
-2005: Homophobia recognised as hate crime.
-2010 Equality act.
Windrush generation and its past perception.
-1948 Nationality act allowed commonwealth citizens to live in UK.
-492 West Indian people came on a boat. The media supported them.
-They had low-paying jobs.
-They met housing discrimination and racism from the public.
Race relations act 1: 1965.
Racial discrimination and its promotion made illegal in public.
Race relations act 2: 1968.
Expansion of 65. Recognised racial hate crimes. Targeted housing and employment discrimination. Assured that 2nd generation immigrants would have an education and get suitable jobs.
Race relations act 3: 1976.
Covered direct and indirect discrimination and policies put in place to disadvantage ethnic minorities.
(+2010 Equality Act.)
Reasons for change in public perception.
-Socialisation+ education: children are thought to respect different ethnic and religious groups.
-Hate crime: more recognise. The public know the consequences.
-Media has limited its stereotyping and moved to realistic and diverse portrayals.
-Empathy and solidarity eg protests for the Black Lives Matter movement.
