Deviance And Crime Flashcards
What is deviance?
Deviance is the violation of norms that a society agrees upon
Name four characteristics of deviance
- deviance is linked to time
- deviance is linked to cultural values
- deviance is a cultural universal
- deviance is a social construct
Define crime
Crime is an act that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail fine and other sanctions
Define social control
Systematic practices develppped by social groups to encourage conformity and to discourage deviance.
What are the 3 interacting variables in john hagan’s typology of deviance and crime ?
- evaluation of harm
- agreement about the norm
- severity of societal response
In what category do murder, rape and robbery fit into?
Consensus crimes
In what category do pornographers, prostitution and illegal drug use fall into?
Conflict crimes
In what category does alcoholism and mental illness fall into?
Social deviations
In what category do body piercings and cross dressing fall under?
Social diversions
What are the basic assumptions in consensus?
1 people agree on what is repugnant
2 the law is fair and impartial
3 people are treated fairly under the law
4 consensus view points predominate in North America criminology
What are the basic assumptions in conflict ?
Laws reflect the power and economic structure of society
Focus should be on the crimes of the rich and powerful.
What are the basic assumptions under the interactionist?
Laws are constantly changing
Being labelled deviant may promote further deviance
Focus is on the process of deviance and changing definitions.
What is the conflict view?
Law is a tool for ruling
Crime is politically defined
Real crimes are not defined
Law controls the underclass
What is the consensus view ?
Law defines crime
Agreement exists
Laws apply to all
What is the interactionist view
Moral entrepreneurs define crime
Crimes are socially defined
Labels transform lives
What iscriminology?
The body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. Includes the process of making laws of breaking laws and of reacting to the breaking of laws. The objective of criminology is the development of a body of general and verified principles and other types of knowledge regarding this process of law crimes and treatememt
Describe criminology in theee statements
Studies criminal behaviour
Usua methods of established social science
Is interdisciplinary
Name the six codes of law mentioned on the development of law.
Code of hammourabi Early roman law Common law Magma carta The Canadian constitution Natural law
What is the general purpose of the law?
Channels and constraints human behaviour
Regulates the flow of human interaction
Maintains values and upholds establishes patterns of social privilege
Supports social order
What is the purpose of the law in social engineering ?
Roscoe pounds Kursk postulates states that laws are the product of shared social needs experiences by the majority of members in the society when they arise
What is the purpose of the law in social conflict ?
Law is the fool of powerful individuals and groups acting in their own interest.
Define public law
That area of law that regulates the functioning of the state and the relationship between the state and the individuals in society
Define constitutional law
The branch of law that outlines the obligations and practices of the various levels of government and the rights of the individual as against the government
Define criminal law
The branch of modern law which concerns itself with offences committed against society members thereof, their property and the social order.
Define private law
That portion of modern law that regulates contracts and other obligations involving primarily personal interest.
Key points of criminal law (6)
- public offence
- may result in fines and improsonment
- the govt imitates action
- govt does not appeal
- fines go to the state
- guilt must be beyond a reasonable doubt
Key points of private law
- private wrong
- financial compensation only
- victim initiates action
- both parties may appeal
- victim receives compensation
- guild is based on balance of probabilities
